Tricyclic tetrahydroquinoline antibacterial agents

ABSTRACT

The invention includes tetrahydroquinoline and related compounds of formula I, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof, that exhibit useful antibacterial activity against a wide range of human and veterinary pathogens.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.10/677,551, filed on Oct. 2, 2003, which claims the benefit of U.S.Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/457,622, filed on Mar. 26, 2003, andU.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/427,189, filed on Nov. 18,2002, and U.S. Provisional Application 60/416,685, filed Oct. 7, 2002,all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The subject invention discloses novel tetrahydroquinoline and relatedcompounds, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof, that exhibit usefulantibacterial activity against a wide range of human and veterinarypathogens, including gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic bacteria,as well as anaerobic organisms.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The development of bacterial resistance to currently availableantibacterial agents is a growing global health problem. Of particularconcern are infections caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens. Suchbacteria are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Anumber of possible solutions to the developing bacterial resistanceproblem have been suggested (Silver, L. L.; Bostian, K. A. Antimicrob.Agents Chemother. 1993, 37, 377). Overall, the best overall solution tothe bacterial resistance dilemma continues to be the identification anddevelopment of structurally novel antibacterial agents employing aunique mechanism of action (Chopra, I. et al. JAMA, 1996, 275, 401).

For instance, the quinolones are a widely prescribed group of bacterialDNA gyrase inhibitors. DNA gyrase is a tetrameric enzyme composed of twoGyrA and two GyrB subunits that negatively supercoils DNA by a sequenceof strand breaking, passage of the DNA through the interior of theenzyme complex, and resealing. The quinolines act at the GyrA subunit.Their mechanism of action involves stabilization or trapping of thecleaved gyrase-DNA complex. This inhibits the function of the essentialDNA gyrase and leads to cell death. It should also be noted that thequinolones also inhibit, to varying degrees, bacterial topoisomerase IV,an essential tetrameric enzyme involved in the initiation of DNAdecatenation, the process by which two daughter chromosomes areseparated after division of a bacterial chromosome. Topoisomerase IV iscomposed of two ParC and two ParE subunits, which exhibit structuralsimilarity to GyrA and GyrB, respectively. Representative quinolonesinclude the fluoroquinolones ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin andgatifloxacin. Bacterial resistance to the fluoroquinolones is becomingincreasingly problematic (Kotilainen, P. et al. J. Infect. Dis. 1990,161, 41-44. Trucksis, M. et al. Ann. Intern Med. 1991, 114, 424-426.Chen, D. K. et al. N. Engl. J. Med. 1999, 34, 233-239).

Bacterial DNA gyrase inhibitors that complement the activity of thequinolones by inhibiting the GyrB subunit have also been identified. Thecoumarins, exemplified by novobiocin and coumermycin A1, and thecyclothialidines are representative GyrB inhibitors that bind to the ATPrecognition site of the subunit. Unfortunately, novobiocin has limitedtherapeutic value due to the observation of rapid resistance developmentduring treatment and other limitations (Kim, O. K. et al. Exp. Opin.Ther. Patents 1998, 8, 959-969. Maxwell, A. Trends in Microbiology,1997, 5, 102-109. Maxwell, A. Mol. Microbiol. 1993, 9, 681686). Thecyclothialidines suffer from drug metabolism issues (Boehm, H.-J. et al.J. Med. Chem. 2000, 43, 2664-2674).

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In general, the invention features structurally noveltetrahydroquinolines and related compounds or pharmaceuticallyacceptable salts thereof, methods of their production, and their use asantibacterial agents.

In one aspect, the invention features A compound of formula I, includingenantiomeric, diastereomeric, or tautomeric isomers thereof, or anypharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;

wherein,

R¹ is

-   -   (a) R¹²    -   (b) C(═O)R⁶, or    -   (c) CN;

R² is

-   -   (a) R¹²    -   (b) C(═O)R⁷,    -   (c) CN,    -   (d) —CH₂—R⁷,    -   (e) —NR¹⁷R⁷,    -   (f) —CH₂COR⁷,    -   (g) —CH₂CH₂COR⁷;        Each R³ is independently    -   (a) H,    -   (b) R¹²,    -   (c) Oxo,    -   (d) C₁₋₇ alkyl which is optionally partially unsaturated and is        optionally substituted by one or more R¹¹,    -   (e) C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl which is optionally partially unsaturated        and is optionally substituted by one or more R¹¹,    -   (f) aryl optionally substituted by one or more R⁸,    -   (g) heteroaryl optionally substituted by one or more R⁸, or    -   (h) halo;        Each R⁴ is independently    -   (a) H,    -   (b) halo,    -   (c) OR¹²,    -   (d) OC(═O)NR⁹R¹⁰,    -   (e) SR¹²,    -   (f) S(O)_(m)R¹³,    -   (g) NR⁹R¹⁰,    -   (h) NR⁹S(O)_(m)R¹³,    -   (i) NR⁹C(═O)OR¹³,    -   (j) phenyl optionally substituted by one or more R⁸,    -   (k) heteroaryl optionally substituted by one or more R⁸,    -   (l) cyano,    -   (m) nitro,    -   (n) CONR⁹R¹⁰,    -   (o) CO₂R¹²,    -   (p) C(═O)R¹³,    -   (q) C(═NOR¹²)R¹³,    -   (r) S(O)_(m)NR⁹R¹⁰,    -   (s) NR⁹C(═O)—R¹²,    -   (t) C₁₋₇alkyl which is optionally partially unsaturated and is        optionally substituted by one or more R¹¹,    -   (u) C₃₋₈cycloalkyl which is optionally partially unsaturated and        is optionally substituted by one or more R¹¹,    -   (v) N₃,    -   (w) het¹ optionally substituted by one or more R⁸, or    -   (x) C(O)O—C₁₋₄alkyl-R¹²;        Each R⁵ is independently,    -   (a) H,    -   (b) C₁₋₇alkyl which is optionally partially unsaturated and is        optionally substituted by one or more R¹¹,    -   (c) C₃₋₈cycloalkyl which is optionally partially unsaturated and        is optionally substituted by one or more R¹¹,    -   (d) aryl optionally substituted by one or more R⁸, or    -   (e) heteroaryl optionally substituted by one or more R⁸;        R⁶ and R¹ are independently;    -   (a) OR¹²,    -   (b) NR⁹R¹⁰,    -   (c) R¹³, or    -   (e) R⁶ and R⁷ together with the 2 carbons to which they are        attached form cyclohexane-1,3-dione optionally substituted by        one or more R¹³, cyclopentane-1,3-dione optionally substituted        by one or more R¹³, R⁶ and R⁷ together form        —N(R¹⁷)—S(O)_(m)—N(R¹⁷)—, —N(R¹⁷)—C(O)—N(R¹⁷)—,        —N(R¹⁷)—C(S)—N(R¹⁷)—, —N(R¹⁷)—N(R¹⁷)—, —N(R¹⁷)—C(O)—, or        —N(R¹⁷)—, or R⁶ and R⁷ together form a phenyl ring;

R⁸ is

-   -   (a) H,    -   (b) halo,    -   (c) OR¹²,    -   (d) OCF₃,    -   (e) SR¹²,    -   (f) S(O)_(m)R¹³,    -   (g) NR⁹R¹⁰,    -   (h) NR⁹S(O)_(m)R¹³,    -   (i) NR⁹C(═O)OR¹³,    -   (j) phenyl optionally substituted by halo, cyano, C₁₋₇alkyl, or        C₁₋₇alkoxy, in the alkyl portion of the C₁₋₇alkyl and C₁₋₇alkoxy        is optionally substituted by one or more R¹¹;    -   (k) heteroaryl optionally substituted by halo, C₁₋₇alkyl, or        C₁₋₇alkoxy,    -   (l) cyano,    -   (m) nitro,    -   (n) CONR⁹R¹⁰,    -   (o) CO₂R¹²,    -   (p) C(═O)R¹³,    -   (q) C(═NOR¹²)R¹³,    -   (r) S(O)_(m)NR⁹R¹⁰,    -   (s) NR⁹C(═O)—R¹²,    -   (t) C₁₋₇alkyl which is optionally partially unsaturated and is        optionally substituted by one or more R¹¹,    -   (u) C₃₋₈cycloalkyl which is optionally partially unsaturated and        is optionally substituted by one or more R¹¹,    -   (v) —C(O)H, or    -   (w) -het¹;        R⁹ and R¹⁰ are independently    -   (a) H,    -   (b) OR¹²,    -   (c) aryl optionally substituted by one or more R¹⁴,    -   (d) heteroaryl optionally substituted by one or more R¹⁴,    -   (e) C₁₋₇alkyl which is optionally substituted by one or more        R¹¹,    -   (f) C₃₋₈cycloalkyl which is optionally substituted by one or        more R¹¹,    -   (g) (C═O)R¹³, or    -   (h) R⁹ and R¹⁰ together with the nitrogen to which they are        attached form morpholine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, thiazine,        piperazine, each of the morpholine, pyrrolidine, piperidine,        thiazine, piperazine being optionally substituted with R¹¹;

R¹¹ is

-   -   (a) oxo,    -   (b) phenyl optionally substituted by one or more R¹⁴,    -   (c) OR¹²,    -   (d) SR¹²,    -   (e) NR¹²R¹²,    -   (f) halo,    -   (g) CO₂R¹²,    -   (h) CONR¹²R¹²,    -   (i) C₁₋₇alkyl which is optionally substituted oxo, halo, OR¹²,        SR¹², C₁₋₇alkyl, or NR¹²R¹² substituents, or    -   (j) C₃₋₈cycloalkyl which is optionally partially unsaturated and        is optionally substituted by one or more oxo, halo, OR¹², SR¹²,        C₁₋₇alkyl, or NR¹²R¹² substituents;

R¹² is

-   -   (a) H,    -   (b) C₁₋₇alkyl which is optionally partially unsaturated and is        optionally substituted by oxo, halo, C₁₋₇alkyl, or C₁₋₇alkoxy        substituents,    -   (c) C₃₋₈cycloalkyl which is optionally partially unsaturated and        is optionally substituted by one or more oxo, halo, C₁₋₇alkyl,        or C₁₋₇alkoxy substituents,    -   (d) aryl optionally substituted by one or more halo, C₁₋₇alkyl,        or C₁₋₇alkoxy substituents, or    -   (e) heteroaryl optionally substituted by one or more halo,        C₁₋₇alkyl, or C₁₋₇alkoxy substituents;

R¹³ is

-   -   (a) C₁₋₇ alkyl which is optionally substituted by one or more by        oxo, halo, carboxyl, C₁₋₇alkyl, or C₁₋₇alkoxy substituents,    -   (b) C₃₋₈cycloalkyl which is optionally partially unsaturated and        is optionally substituted by one or more by oxo, halo,        C₁₋₇alkyl, or C₁₋₇alkoxy substituents,    -   (c) aryl optionally substituted by one or more halo, C₁₋₇alkyl,        or C₁₋₇alkoxy substituents;    -   (d) heteroaryl optionally substituted by one or more halo,        C₁₋₇alkyl, or C₁₋₇alkoxy substituents,    -   (e) —C(O)OH

R¹⁴ is

-   -   (a) H,    -   (b) halo,    -   (c) C₁₋₇alkyl,    -   (d) OR¹²,    -   (e) OCF₃,    -   (f) SR¹²,    -   (g) S(O)_(m)R¹³    -   (h) NR¹²R¹²,    -   (i) NR¹²S(O)_(m)R¹³,    -   (j) NR¹²C(═O)OR¹³,    -   (k) phenyl optionally substituted by halo, C₁₋₇alkyl, or        C₁₋₇alkoxy,    -   (l) heteroaryl optionally substituted by halo, C₁₋₇alkyl, or        C₁₋₇alkoxy,    -   (m) cyano,    -   (n) nitro,    -   (o) CONR¹²R¹²,    -   (p) CO₂R¹²,    -   (q) C(═O)R¹³,    -   (r) C(═NOR¹²)R¹³,    -   (s) S(O)_(m)NR¹²R¹²,    -   (t) NR⁹C(═O)—R¹²,    -   (u) C₁₋₇alkyl which is optionally partially unsaturated and is        optionally substituted by oxo, halo, OR¹², SR¹², C₁₋₇alkyl, or        NR¹²R¹² substituents, or    -   (v) C₃₋₈cycloalkyl which is optionally partially unsaturated and        is optionally substituted by oxo, halo, OR¹², SR¹², C₁₋₇alkyl,        or NR¹²R¹² substituents;

X is

-   -   (a) —(C(R¹⁵)₂)_(n) ⁻,    -   (b) —(C(R¹⁵)₂)_(m)—O—(C(R¹⁵)₂)_(k)—,    -   (c) —(C(R¹⁵)₂)_(m)—S(O)_(m)(C(R¹⁵)₂)_(k)—, or    -   (d) —(C(R¹⁵)₂)_(m)—NR¹⁶—(C(R¹⁵)₂)_(k)—;        Each R¹⁵ is independently    -   (a) H,    -   (b) OR¹¹,    -   (c) Oxo,    -   (d) C₁₋₇ alkyl which is optionally substituted by one or more by        one or more R¹¹ substituents,    -   (e) C₃₋₈cycloalkyl which is optionally partially unsaturated and        is optionally substituted by one or more by one or more R¹¹        substituents,    -   (f) aryl optionally substituted by one or more R⁸, or    -   (g) heteroaryl optionally substituted by one or more R⁸;

R¹⁶ is

-   -   (a) H    -   (b) OR¹²,    -   (c) (C═O)R¹³,    -   (d) (C═O)OR¹³,    -   (e) (C═O)NR⁹R¹⁰,    -   (f) S(O)_(m)R¹³,    -   (g) S(O)_(m)NR⁹R¹⁰,    -   (h) C₁₋₇ alkyl which is optionally substituted by one or more        R¹¹ substituents,    -   (i) C₃₋₈cycloalkyl which is optionally partially unsaturated and        is optionally substituted by one or more R¹¹ substituents,    -   (j) aryl optionally substituted by one or more R⁸, or    -   (k) heteroaryl optionally substituted by one or more R⁸;

R¹⁷ is

-   -   (a) H,    -   (b) —OH, and    -   (c) C₁₋₄alkyl;

R¹⁹ is

-   -   (a) H,    -   (b) OR¹¹,    -   (c) Oxo,    -   (d) C₁₋₇ alkyl which is optionally substituted by one or more by        one or more R¹¹ substituents,    -   (e) C₃₋₈cycloalkyl which is optionally partially unsaturated and        is optionally substituted by one or more by one or more R¹¹        substituents,    -   (f) aryl optionally substituted by one or more R⁸, or    -   (g) heteroaryl optionally substituted by one or more R⁸;

R²⁰ is

-   -   (a) H,    -   (b) C₁₋₇alkyl which is optionally partially unsaturated and is        optionally substituted by one or more R¹¹,    -   (c) C₃₋₈cycloalkyl which is optionally partially unsaturated and        is optionally substituted by one or more R¹¹,    -   (d) aryl optionally substituted by one or more R⁸,    -   (e) heteroaryl optionally substituted by one or more R⁸, or    -   (f) R²⁰ and R¹⁹, taken together, form —CH₂—;

wherein, “aryl” denotes a phenyl radical or an ortho-fused bicycliccarbocyclic radical having about nine to ten ring atoms in which atleast one ring is aromatic;

wherein, “heteroaryl” encompasses a radical attached via a ring carbonor ring nitrogen of a monocyclic aromatic ring containing five or sixring atoms consisting of carbon and 1, 2, 3, or 4 heteroatoms, selectedfrom oxygen (—O—), sulfur (—S—), oxygenated sulfur such as sulfinyl(S═O) and sulfonyl (S(═O)₂), or nitrogen N(Z) wherein Z is absent or isH, O, C₁₋₄alkyl, phenyl or benzyl, or a radical of an ortho-fusedbicyclic heterocycle of about eight to ten ring atoms derived therefrom;

het¹ is a C— or N— linked five- (5), six- (6), seven- (7), or eight- (8)membered mono- or bicyclic ring, each mono- or bicyclic ring being fullysaturated or partially unsaturated, and having 1-4 heteroatoms selectedfrom the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen; het¹ beingoptionally substituted by 1-2 substituents selected from C₁-C₄alkyl,amino, C₁-C₄alkylamino, C₁-C₄alkyloxy, halogen —CN, ═O, ═S;

each k is independently 0, 1, or 2;each m is independently 0, 1, or 2;each n is independently 1, 2, or 3; and

provided that

when each R₄ is H, that R₁ and R₂ are not simultaneously H, CN, or —(O)—OCH₃ or that R₁ is not CN and R₂ is not —C(O)—OC₁₋₄alkyl;

when the compound is1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-cis-2,4-dimethyl-8-nitrospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′ H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′H,3′H)-trione that the compound isenantiomerically enriched (−) form of(2R,4S,4aS)-2,4-dimethyl-8-nitro-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2′H,6H-spiro[1,4-oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5,5′-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione;and

the compound is not 2,3,4,4a-tetrahydro-1′,3′-dimethylspiro[1H 1-methylpyrazino[1,2-a]quinoline-5(6H), 5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′4′6′ (1′H,3′H)-trione.

In another aspect, the invention includes methods of synthesizingcompounds of formula I. The method includes reacting an amine of theformula III with an aldehyde or ketone substituted on an aromatic ringsubstituted in the ortho position with a halogen, such as fluorine (andin some cases, chlorine) (formula II) of the formula II in a polar,aprotic solvent, followed by methylenation with a compound of theformula IV, and; heating the reaction in a wide variety of solvents.

wherein, X, R¹, R², R³, R⁴, and R⁵ are as defined above and Y¹ is H oralkyl.

Embodiments of die invention may include one or more of the following.R⁴ is independently

-   -   (a) H,    -   (b) halo,    -   (e) SR¹²,    -   (f) S(O)_(m)R¹³,    -   (g) NR⁹R¹⁰,    -   to (h) NR⁹S(O)_(m)R¹³,    -   (i) NR⁹C(═O)OR¹³,    -   (j) phenyl optionally substituted by one or more R⁸.    -   (k) heteroaryl optionally substituted by one or more R⁸,    -   (l) cyano,    -   (m) nitro,    -   (n) CONR⁹R¹⁰,    -   (o) CO₂R¹²,    -   (p) C(═O)R¹³,    -   (q) C(═NOR¹²)R¹³,    -   (s) NR⁹C(═O)—R¹²,    -   (t) C₁₋₇alkyl which is optionally partially unsaturated and is        optionally substituted by one or more R¹¹, or    -   (u) het¹ optionally substituted by one or more R⁸.        For instance, R⁴ is independently selected from NO₂, H, Br, F,        CF₃, CN, NH₂, —C(O)—OCH₃, —S—CH₃, —S(O)₂—CH₃, —N(OCH₃)—CH₃,        —NH—C(O)—O-tbutyl, —NH—C(O)—CH₃, heteroaryl optionally        substituted by one or more R⁸, het¹ optionally substituted by        one or more R⁸, —S(O)₂—CH₃, or phenyl optionally substituted by        one or more of NO₂, Cl, F, —OCH₃, and —OCF₃. R³ is H. R¹ is        —C(O)R⁶. R² is —C(O)R⁷. R⁶ and R⁷ form —N(R¹⁷)—C(O)—N(R¹⁷)— or        —N(R¹⁷)—C(S)—N(R¹⁷)—. X is —(C(R¹⁵)₂)_(m)—O—(C(R⁵²)_(k) or        —(C(R¹⁵)₂)_(m)—NR¹⁶—(C(R¹⁵)₂)_(k)—. X is —C(R¹⁵)₂—O—C(R¹⁵)₂— or        —C(R¹⁵)₂—NR¹⁶—C(R¹⁵)₂—. R¹⁵ is independently H, C₁₋₇ alkyl        optionally substituted by one or more R¹¹ substituents. X is        —C(H)(C₁₋₄ alkyl)-O—(H)(C₁₋₄ alkyl)- or —C(H)(C₁₋₄        alkyl)-NR¹⁶—C(H)(C₁₋₄ alkyl)-. The compound of the formula

and each R₁₅ is independently (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), or (g).The compound of formula I may be, but is not limited to:

-   1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-8-nitrospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′ (2′ H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′ H,3′ H)-trione;-   1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-2,4-dimethylspiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′(2′ H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′ H,3′ H)-trione;-   8-Bromo-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2,4-dimethylspiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′ (2′ H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′ H,3′ H)-trione;-   8-Fluoro-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2,4-dimethylspiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′ (2′ H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′ H,3′ H)-trione;-   1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-8-trifluoromethylspiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′ (2′ H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′ H,3′ H)-trione;-   1,1′,2,3′4,4′,4a,    6′-Octrahydro-2,4′,6′-trioxospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′ (2′ H)-pyrimidine]-8-carbonitrile;-   1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-8-carboxamidespiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′ (2′ H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′ H,3′ H)-trione;-   1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-8-nitrospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′ (2′ H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′ H,3′ H)-trione;-   1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-2,4-dimethylspiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′ (2′ H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′ H,3′H)-trione;-   8-Bromo-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2,4-dimethylspiro[[1,4]piperazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′ (2′ H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′ H,3′ H)-trione;-   1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-1,4a-dimethyl-8-nitrospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′ (2′ H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′ H,3′ H)-trione;-   8-Bromo-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-cis-2,4-dimethylspiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′ (2′ H)-pyrimidine]-4′-thioxo-2′,6′ (1′ H,3′ H)-dione;-   8-Bromo-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-cis-2,4-dimethylspiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′ (2′H)pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′ methyl, 3′ methyl)-trione;-   N—[1,1′,2,3′,4,4′,4a,6′-Octahydro-2,4-dimethyl-2′,4′,6′-trioxospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinolone-5(6H),    5′(2′H)-pyrimidin]-8-yl]acetamide;-   tert-butyl    1,1′,2,3′,4,4′,4a,6′-Octahydro-2,4-dimethyl-2′,4′,6′-trioxospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinolone-5(6H),    5′(2′H)-pyrimidin]-8-ylcarbamate;-   8-Amino-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2,4-dimethylspiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinolone-5(6H),    5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′ H,3′ H)-trione monohydrochloride;-   9-Bromo-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-8-nitrospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′(2′ H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′H,3′H)-trione;-   8-Acetyl-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2,4-dimethylspiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′(2H)-pyrimidine)-2′,4′,6′ (1′H,3′H)-trione;-   8-Ethanone-O-methyloxime-1-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2,4-dimethylspiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′(2H)-pyrimidine)-2′,4′,6′ (1′H,3′H)-trione;-   1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-8-(methylsulfonyl)spiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione;-   1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-8-(methylsulfinyl)spiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′(2′M)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione;-   1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-8-(methylthio)spiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione;-   1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-9-nitrospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione;-   1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-8-nitrospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′ methyl,3′methyl)-trione;-   1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-8-nitrospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H, 3′methyl)-trione;-   1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-4-methyl-8-nitrospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione;-   1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-2-methyl-8-nitrospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′s)-trione;-   2,3,4,4a-Tetrahydro-1′,3,3′-trimethylspiro[1H-pyrazino[1,2-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′ (2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′4′,6′ (1′H,3′H)-trione;-   2,3,4,4a-Tetrahydro-3-methylspiro[1H-pyrazino[1,2-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′ (2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′6′(1′H,3′H)-trione;-   1,1-Dimethylethyl    1,1′2,3′,4′,4a,6′-octahydro-8-nitro-2′,4′,6′-trioxospiro[3H-pyrazino[1,2-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-3-carboxylate;-   1,1-Dimethylethyl-8-cyano-1,1′,2,3′,4,4′,4a,6′-octahydro-2′,4′,6′-trioxospiro[3H-pyrazino[1,2-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-3 carboxylate;-   1,1′,2′3′4′4′a-Hexahydro-2′,4′-dimethyl-1,3-dioxospiro[2H-indene-2,5′(6′H)-[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline]-8′-carbonitrile;-   1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5,5,8(6H)-tricarbonitrile;-   8-Bromo-1,2,4-4a-tetrhydro-2,4-dimethyl[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5,5(6H)-dicarbonitrile;-   2,3,4,4a-Tetrhydro-3-methyl-8-nitro-2′-thioxospiro[1H-pyrazino[1,2-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′ (2′H)-pyrimidine]-4′,6′ (1′H,3′H)-dione);-   9-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1,2,4,4a-tetryhydro-2,4-dimethylspiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′ (2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′1,3′ H)-trione;-   1,2,44a-Tetrhydro-2,4-dimethyl-9-[4(trifluoromethyoxy)phenyl]spiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′(2′H)pyrimidine]-2′4′,6′ (1′H,3′H)trione;-   1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-9-(methoxyphenyl)-2,4-dimethylspiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′    (2′ H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione;-   9-(3-Chloro-4-fluorophenyl)    1,2,4,4a,-tetrahydro-2,4-dimethylsprio[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′ (2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′H,3′H)-trione;-   1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-9-(3-nitrophenyl)spiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′ (2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)trione;-   1,1′,2,3′,4,4′,4a,6′-Octahydro-2-4-dimethyl-2′,4′,6′-trioxospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5(2′H)-pyrimidin]-9-yl]benzonitrile;-   1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-9-[4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]spiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione;-   1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-9-(4-pyridinyl)spiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′ (2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (′H,3′H)-trione;-   Methyl-1,1′-2,3′,4,4a,6′-Octahydro-2,4-dimethyl-2′,4′,6′-trioxospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′(2′M-pyrimidine]-9-carboxylate,-   Methyl-1,1′-2,3′,4,4a,6′-Octahydro-2,4-dimethyl-2′,4′,6′-trioxospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-8-carboxylate;-   1,2,3,3′,4,4′,4a,6′-Octahydro-2′,4′,6′-trioxospiro[1H-pyrazino[1,2-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′(2′H)-pyrimidine-8-carbonitrile monohydrochloride; and-   2,3,4,4a-Tetrahydro-8-nitrospiro[1H-pyrazino[1,2-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′ (2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′H,3′H)-trione monohydrochloride.

Other compounds of the invention include(2S,4R,4aR)-4-isopropyl-2-methyl-8-nitro-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2H,6H-spiro[1,4-oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5,5′-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′,31H)-trione;

-   (2R,4S,4aS)-2,4-diethyl-8-nitro-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2H,6H-spiro[1,4-oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5,5′-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione;-   (2R,4S,4aS-2,4-dimethyl-8-nitro-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2′H,6H-spiro[1,4-oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5,5′-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3H)-trione;-   (2R,4S,4aS)-8-acetyl-9,10-difluoro-2,4-dimethyl-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2H,6H-spiro[1,4-oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5,5′-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione;-   (2R,4S,4aS)-10-fluoro-2,4-dimethyl-8-nitro-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2H,6H-spiro[1,4-oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5,5′-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione;-   (2R,4S,4aS)-2,4-dimethyl-8-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2′H,6H-spiro[1,4-oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5,5′-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione;-   1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-8-nitrospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione;-   (2S,4R,4aR)-2-isopropyl-4-methyl-8-nitro-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2′H,6H-spiro[1,4-oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5,5′-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione;-   (2S,4R,4aR)-2-isopropyl-4-methyl-8-nitro-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2′H,6H-spiro[1,4-oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5,5′-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione;-   (2R,4S,4aS-2,4-diisopropyl-8-nitro-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2′H,6H-spiro[1,4-oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5,5′-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione;-   (2R,4S,4aS)-2,4-dimethyl-8-(3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2H,6H-spiro[1,4-oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5,5′-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione;-   (2S,4R,4aR)-8-acetyl-10-fluoro-2,4-dimethyl-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2H,6H-spiro[1,4-oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5,5′-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1H,3′H)-trione;-   (2′R,4′S,4a′S)-2′,4′-dimethyl-8′-nitro-1′,2′,4′,4a′-tetrahydro-2H,6H-spiro[pyrimidine-5,5′-[1,4]thiazino[4,3-a]quinoline]-2,4,6(1H,3H)-trione;-   8-bromo-2,4-dimethyl-10-nitro-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2H,6H-spiro[1,4-oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5,5′-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione;-   (2R,4S,4aS)-2,4-dimethyl-8-(5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)    1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2′H,6H-spiro[1,4-oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5,5′-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1H,3H)-trione;-   (2S,4S,4aS)methyl-8-nitro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2′H,6H-spiro[1,4-oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5,5′-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione;-   4-azido-3-iodobenzyl    (2R,4S,4aS)-2,4-dimethyl-2′,4′,6-trioxo-1,1′,2,3′,4,4′,4a,6′-octahydro-2′H,6H-spiro[1,4-oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5,5′-pyrimidine]-8-carboxylate;-   (2S,4S,4aS)-2,4-dimethyl-8-nitro-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2′H,6H-spiro[1,4-oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5,5′-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3H)-trione.    Other specific compounds of formula I include-   rel-(2R,4S,4aS)-1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-2-methyl-4(1-methylethyl)-8-nitrospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′(2H) pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione;-   rel-(2R,4R,4aR)-1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-4-(1-methylethyl)-8-nitro-2-(trifluoromethyl)    spiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′(2′H)pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione;-   rel-(2R,4S,4aS)-4-Ethyl-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2-methyl-8-nitrospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1H,3′H)-trione;-   rel-(2R,4S,4aS)-2,4-Diethyl-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-8-nitrospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione;-   (2R,4,4aS)-1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-8-nitrospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione;-   (2S,4S,4aS)-4-Ethyl-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-8-nitro-2-(trifluoromethyl)    spiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione;-   rel-(2R,4S,4aS)-8-Acetyl-9,10-difluoro-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2,4-dimethylspiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione;-   rel-(2R,44aS)-10-Fluoro-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-8-nitrospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione;-   rel-(2R,45.4aS)-1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-8-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]spiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′(2H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione;-   rel-(2R,4S,4aS)-1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-8-nitrospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione;-   rel-(2R,4S,4aS)-1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-4-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)-8-nitrospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1H,3′H)-trione;-   rel-(2R,4R,4aR)-4-Ethyl-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-8-nitro-2-(trifluoromethyl)    spiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H), 5′(2H)    pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3H)-trione;-   rel-(2R,4S,4aS)-2,3,4,4a-Tetrhydro-2,4-dimethyl-8-nitrospiro[1H-benzo[c]quinolizine-5(6H),    5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione;-   rel-(2R,4S,4aS)-1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-2,4-bis(1-methylethyl)-8-nitrospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione;-   rel-(2R,4S,4aS)-8-[5-(Difluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2,4-dimethylspiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione;-   rel-(2R,4S,4aS)-1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-8-(3-methyl-1.2.4-oxadiazol-5-yl)    spiro[1,4]oxazino[4,3a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione;-   rel-(2R,4S,4aS)-8-Acetyl-10-fluoro-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2,4-dimethylspiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione;-   rel-(2R,4S,4aS)-2-Ethyl-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-4-methyl-8-nitrospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione;-   rel-(2′R,4′S,4′aS)-1′,2′,4′,4′a-Tetrahydro-2′,4′-dimethyl-8′-nitrospiro[pyrimidine-5(2H),    5′(6′H)[1,4]thiazino[4,3-a]quinoline]-2,4,6(1H,3H)-trione;-   (2R,4S,4aS)-8-Bromo-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-10-nitrospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione;-   (2R,4S,4aS)-9,10-Difluoro-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2,4-dimethylspiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione;-   rel-(2R,4S,4aS)-1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-8-(1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)    spiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione;-   rel-(2R,4S,4aS)-8-(5-Cyclopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2,4-dimethylspiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′(2′H)-pyrimidine)-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione;-   rel-(2R,4S,4aS)-2-Ethenyl-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-4-methyl-8-nitrospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione;-   rel-4-[3-[(2R,4S,4aS)-1,1′,2,3′,4,4′,4a,6′-Octahydro-2,4-dimethyl-2′,4′,6′-trioxospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidin]-8-yl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]benzonitrile;-   rel-(2R,4S,4aS)-1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-8-(5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)    spiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′(2H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione;-   rel-(2R,4S,4aS)-1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-4-methyl-8-nitro-2-propylspiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione;-   rel-(2R,4S,4aS)-2-Cyclopropyl-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-4-methyl-8-nitrospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione;-   (2S,4S,4aS)-1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-8-nitrospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione;-   rel-(2R,4S,4aS)-1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-8-[5-(methylthio)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]spiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′H,3′H)-trione;-   rel-(2R,4R,4aR)-1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-4-methyl-8-nitro-2-(trifluoromethyl)    spiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione; and-   rel-(4-Azido-3-iodophenyl)methyl    (2R,4S,4aS)-1,1′,2,3′,4,4′,4a,6′-octahydro-2,4-dimethyl-2′,4′,6′-trioxospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),    5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-8-carboxylate

The aforementioned embodiments encompass all stereoisomeric forms, e.g.,enantiomeric, diastereomeric, and tautomeric, of the named compounds.

The compounds of Formula I include at least one chiral center. Formula Icovers both racemic and enantiomerically enriched forms of the compoundof this invention. The racemic mixture is useful in the same way and forthe same purpose as to the more active enantiomer; the difference isthat more of the racemic material must be used to produce the sameantibacterial effect. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art thatsome of the claimed compounds have multiple chiral centers present. Inthese cases, diastereomers are possible. All of these diastereomers, inracemic and enantiomerically enriched forms, are also within the scopeof the compounds of Formula I.

In another aspect, the invention features a pharmaceutical compositionwhich includes one or more compounds of formula I. The composition mayinclude an enantiomerically enriched form of the compound of formula I.For instance, the composition may include at least 50% (more typicallyat least 80% or 90%, or more) of one enantiomer of a compound of formulaI relative to the other enantiomer of the compound.

Advantageously and surprisingly, the compounds of this invention inhibitbacterial DNA gyrase, an ATP-dependent type II topoisomerase, in amanner distinct from that of other known DNA gyrase inhibitors such asquinolines, coumarins, and cyclothialidines.

The term alkyl refers to branched and straight chained substituents.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The subject invention discloses tricyclic tetrahydroquinolinetopoisomerase inhibitors. Compounds of this invention inhibit bacterialDNA gyrase, a topoisomerase II. These compounds have useful activityagainst aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, being effective against a numberof human and veterinary pathogens. Representative organisms include, butare not limited to, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidennidis,Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Streptococcus pneumoniae,Streptococcus pyogenes, Chlamydophifa pneumoniae Haemophilus influenzae,Moraxelfa catarrhalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae,Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Clostridium spp., Peptostreptcoccus spp. andBacteroides spp. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that thedescribed organisms are merely representative and that other bacteriaare included within the spectrum of activity of the claimed compounds.

The compound of formula I may be in the form of pharmaceuticallyacceptable salts. The term “pharmaceutically acceptable salts” refers tosalts prepared from pharmaceutically acceptable, non-toxic bases andacids. Pharmaceutically acceptable, non-toxic bases and acids includeinorganic bases, inorganic acids, organic acids, and inorganic bases.Salts derived from inorganic bases include aluminum, ammonium, calcium,ferric, ferrous, lithium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, zinc, and thelike. Salts derived from pharmaceutically acceptable, organic, non-toxicbases include salts of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines,substituted amines including naturally occurring substituted amines,cyclic amines, such as arginine, betaine, caffeine, choline,N,N-dibenzylethylenediamine, diethylamine, 2-diethylaminoethanol,2-dimethylamino-ethanol, ethanolamine, ethylenediamine,N-ethylmorpholine, N-ethylpiperidine, glucamine, glucosamine, histidine,hydrabamine, isopropylamine, lysine, methylglucamine, morpholine,piperazine, piperidine, polyamine resins, procaine, purines,theobromine, triethylamine, trimethylamine, tripropylamine, and thelike. Salts derived from inorganic acids include salts of hydrochloricacid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, sulfuric acid, mineral acids,sulfonic acids, phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, and the like. Saltsderived from pharmaceutically acceptable, organic, non-toxic acidsinclude salts of C₁₋₆ alkyl carboxylic acids, di-carboxylic acids, andtri-carboxylic acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid, fumaric acid,succinic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, adipic acid, and citric acid.Other salts may be derived from aryl and alkyl sulfonic acids such astoluene sulfonic acids and the like.

Pharmaceutically acceptable salts may be obtained using standardprocedures well known in the art, for example by reacting a sufficientlybasic compound such as an amine with a suitable acid affording aphysiologically acceptable anion. Alkali metal (for example, sodium,potassium or lithium) or alkaline earth metal (for example calcium)salts of carboxylic acids can also be made.

By the term “effective amount” of a compound as provided herein is meanta nontoxic but sufficient amount of the compound(s) to provide thedesired effect. As pointed out below, the exact amount required willvary from subject to subject, depending on the species, age, and generalcondition of the subject, the severity of the disease that is beingtreated, the particular compound(s) used, the mode of administration,and the like. Thus, it is not possible to specify an exact “effectiveamount.” However, an appropriate effective amount may be determined byone of ordinary skill in the art using only routine experimentation. Thetherapeutically effective amount of the compound of formula I that isadministered and the dosage regimen for treating a disease conditionwith the compound of formula I and/or compositions containing thecompound of formula I depends on a variety of factors, including theage, weight, sex and medical condition of the subject, the severity ofthe disease, the route and frequency of administration, and theparticular compound(s) employed, and thus may vary widely. The dosage ofthe compound of formula I as administered to a mammal can be betweenabout 0.001 to about 100 mg/kg of body weight/day. In general, thecompound of formula I is a component of a pharmaceutical composition.Pharmaceutical compositions contain well-known carriers and excipientsin addition to the compound of formula I. The pharmaceuticalcompositions may contain the compound of formula I in an amount in therange between about 1 to about 1000 mg, such as in the range of betweenabout 50 to about 800 mg. Generally, the pharmaceutical compositionincludes between about 0.5% to about 90% by weight of the compound offormula I. A total daily dose of about 1 to 1000 mg of the compound offormula I may be appropriate for an adult. The daily dose can beadministered in one to four doses per day. The desired dose mayconveniently be presented in a single dose or as divided into multipledoses administered at appropriate intervals, for example, as two, three,four or more sub-doses per day. The sub-dose itself may be furtherdivided, e.g., into a number of discrete loosely spaced administrations.

Also, it is to be understood that the initial dosage administered may beincreased beyond the above upper level in order to rapidly achieve thedesired plasma concentration. On the other hand, the initial dosage maybe smaller than the optimum and the daily dosage may be progressivelyincreased during the course of treatment depending on the particularsituation.

Pharmaceutical compositions of the compound of formula I eitherindividually or in combination with other antimicrobial agents, may beprepared by methods well known in the art, e.g., by means ofconventional mixing, dissolving, granulation, dragee-making, levigating,emulsifying, encapsulating, entrapping, lyophilizing processes or spraydrying. Pharmaceutical compositions for use in accordance with thepresent invention may be formulated in conventional manner using one ormore physiologically acceptable carriers comprising excipients andauxiliaries which facilitate processing of the active compounds intopreparations which can be used pharmaceutically. Proper formulation isdependent upon the route of administration chosen.

The compounds of formula I may be administered parenterally, orally,topically, transdermally, and rectally (e.g., as a suppository).

Formulations for systemic administration may be in the form of aqueoussolutions and suspensions, in addition to solid tablet and capsuleformulations. The aqueous solutions and suspensions may be prepared fromsterile powders or granules having one or more of the carriers ordiluents mentioned for use in the formulations for oral administration.The compounds may be dissolved in water, polyethylene glycol, propyleneglycol, ethanol, corn oil, cottonseed oil, peanut oil, sesame oil,benzyl alcohol, sodium chloride, and/or various buffers. Other adjuvantsare well and widely known in the pharmaceutical art. For instance, thesuspensions or solutions for systemic administration may includeβ-cyclodextrins, such as Captisol®, as a solubilizing agent. Thecompositions may, for example, be administered parenterally, e.g.,intravascularly, intraperitoneally, subcutaneously, or intramuscularly.For parenteral administration, saline solution, dextrose solution, orwater may be used as a suitable carrier. Formulations for parenteraladministration may be in the form of aqueous or non-aqueous isotonicsterile injection solutions or suspensions.

Pharmaceutical compositions for parenteral administration will generallycontain a pharmaceutically acceptable amount of the compound or asoluble salt (acid addition salt or base salt) dissolved in apharmaceutically acceptable liquid carrier such as, for example,water-for-injection and a buffer to provide a suitably buffered isotonicsolution, for example, having a pH of about 3.5-6. Suitable bufferingagents include, for example, trisodium orthophosphate, sodiumbicarbonate, sodium citrate, N-methylglucamine, L(+)-lysine andL(+)-arginine to name but a few representative buffering agents. Thecompound of this invention generally will be dissolved in the carrier inan amount sufficient to provide a pharmaceutically acceptable injectableconcentration in the range of about 1 mg/mL to about 400 mg/mL ofsolution. The resulting liquid pharmaceutical composition will beadministered so as to obtain the above-mentioned antibacteriallyeffective amount of dosage.

For systemic administration, the compounds can be formulated bycombining the active compounds with pharmaceutically acceptable carrierswell known in the art. Such carriers enable the compounds of theinvention to be formulated as tablets, pills, lozenges, dragees,capsules, liquids, solutions, emulsions, gels, syrups, slurries,suspensions, and the like for oral ingestion by a patient.

In addition to the compound of formula I, the pharmaceutical compositionfor therapeutic use may also comprise one or more non-toxic,pharmaceutically acceptable carrier materials or excipients. The term“carrier” material or “excipient” herein means any substance, not itselfa therapeutic agent, used as a carrier and/or diluent and/or adjuvant,or vehicle for delivery of a therapeutic agent to a subject or added toa pharmaceutical composition to improve its handling or storageproperties or to permit or facilitate formation of a dose unit of thecomposition into a discrete article such as a capsule or tablet suitablefor oral administration. Excipients can include, by way of illustrationand not limitation, diluents, disintegrants, binding agents, adhesives,wetting agents, polymers, lubricants, glidants, substances added to maskor counteract a disagreeable taste or odor, flavors, dyes, fragrances,and substances added to improve appearance of the composition.Acceptable excipients include stearic acid, magnesium stearate,magnesium oxide, sodium and calcium salts of phosphoric and sulfuricacids, magnesium carbonate, talc, gelatin, acacia gum, sodium alginate,pectin, dextrin, mannitol, sorbitol, lactose, sucrose, starches,gelatin, cellulosic materials, such as cellulose esters of alkanoicacids and cellulose alkyl esters, low melting wax, cocoa butter orpowder, polymers such as polyvinyl-pyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, andpolyethylene glycols, and other pharmaceutical acceptable materials. Thecomponents pharmaceutical composition can be encapsulated or tabletedfor convenient administration.

For oral administration, the pharmaceutical composition may be in theform of, for example, a tablet, capsule, suspension, or liquid. Ifdesired, other active ingredients may be included in the composition.The suspension or liquid may include other additives such asβ-cyclodextrins, such as Captisol®, which may act as a solubilizingagent.

Dragee cores are provided with suitable coatings. For this purpose,concentrated sugar solutions may be used which may optionally containgum arabic, talc, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, carbopol gel, polyethyleneglycol, and/or titanium dioxide, lacquer solutions, and suitable organicsolvents or solvent mixtures. Dyestuffs or pigments may be added to thetablets or dragee coatings for identification or to characterizedifferent combinations of active compound doses.

Pharmaceutical compositions which can be used orally include push-fitcapsules made of gelatin, as well as soft, sealed capsules made ofgelatin and a plasticizer, such as glycerol or sorbitol. The push-fitcapsules can contain the active ingredients in admixture with a fillersuch as lactose, a binder such as starch, and/or a lubricant such astalc or magnesium stearate and, optionally, stabilizers. In softcapsules, the active compounds may be dissolved or suspended in suitableliquids, such as fatty oils, liquid paraffin, liquid polyethyleneglycols, cremophor, capmul, medium or long chain mono-, di- ortriglycerides. Stabilizers may be added in these formulations, also.

Liquid form compositions include solutions, suspensions and emulsions.For example, there may be provided solutions of the compounds of thisinvention dissolved in water and water-propylene glycol andwater-polyethylene glycol systems, optionally containing suitableconventional coloring agents, flavoring agents, stabilizers andthickening agents.

Alternatively, the compound of formula I may be in a powder form forconstitution with a suitable vehicle, e.g., sterile, pyrogen-free water,before use.

For suppository administration, the compounds may also be formulated bymixing the agent with a suitable non-irritating excipient which is solidat room temperature but liquid at rectal temperature and therefore willmelt in the rectum to release the drug. Such materials include cocoabutter, beeswax and other glycerides.

As a topical treatment an effective amount of Formula I is admixed in apharmaceutically acceptable gel or cream vehicle that can be applied tothe patient's skin at the area of treatment. Preparation of such creamsand gels is well known in die art and can include penetration enhancers,such as oils or alcohols, which increase or permit the compounds offormula I to penetrate the dermis to transdermal tissue.

In some embodiments, the compound of formula I can be administrated byinhalation provided that the compounds pass into the blood stream. Forexample, pharmaceutical compositions containing the compound of formulaI can be conveniently delivered through an aerosol spray in the form ofsolution, dry powder, or cream. The aerosol may use a pressurized packor a nebulizer and a suitable propellant. In the case of a pressurizedaerosol, the dosage unit may be controlled by providing a valve todeliver a metered amount. Capsules and cartridges of, for example,gelatin for use in an inhaler may be formulated containing a power basesuch as lactose or starch.

Additionally, the compound of formula I may be delivered using asustained-release system. Various sustained-release materials have beenestablished and are well known by those skilled in the art.Sustained-release capsules may, depending on their chemical nature,release the compounds for 24 hours up to several days. Depending on thechemical nature and the biological stability of the therapeutic reagent,additional strategies for protein stabilization may be employed.

The compound of formula I may also be delivered by controlled-releaseformulation as may be provided in a dispersion of active compound inhydroxypropyl-methyl cellulose, or other methods known to those skilledin the art.

The pharmaceutical compositions also may be part of a combinationtherapy. In a combination therapy, the compound of formula I and othermedicaments, such as other antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and painrelief agents, can be administered simultaneously or at separateintervals. When administered simultaneously the compound of formula Iand other medicaments can be incorporated into a single pharmaceuticalcomposition or into separate compositions, e.g., the compound of formulaI, in one composition and the other medicaments in another composition.Each of these compositions may be formulated with common excipients,diluents or carriers, and compressed into tablets, or formulated elixirsor solutions. The compounds can be formulated as sustained relief dosageforms and the like.

When separately administered, therapeutically effective amounts of thecompound of formula I and the other medicaments are administered on adifferent schedule. One may be administered before the other as long asthe time between the two administrations falls within a therapeuticallyeffective interval. A therapeutically effective interval is a period oftime beginning when one of either (a) the compound of formula I or (b)the other medicaments is administered to a mammal and ending at thelimit of the beneficial effect in the treatment of the combination of(a) and (b). Mixture of different compounds of formula I may also beadministered simultaneously or together.

In some embodiments, the antibacterial compounds are prodrugs of thecompounds of formula I. The expression “prodrug” denotes a derivative ofa known direct acting drug, which is transformed into the active drug byan enzymatic or chemical process. Prodrugs of the compounds of formula Iare prepared by modifying functional groups present on the compound insuch a way that the modifications are cleaved, either in routinemanipulation or in vivo, to the parent compound. Prodrugs include, butare not limited to, compounds of structure (I) wherein hydroxy, amine orsulfhydryl groups are bonded to any group that, when administered to theanimal, cleaves to form the free hydroxyl, amino or sulfhydryl group,respectively. Representative examples of prodrugs include, but are notlimited to, acetate, formate and benzoate derivatives of alcohol andamine functional groups. See Notari, R. E., “Theory and Practice ofProdrug Kinetics,” Methods in Enzymology, 112:309-323 (1985); Bodor, N.,“Novel Approaches in Prodrug Design,” Drugs of the Future, 6(3):165-182(1981); and Bundgaard, H., “Design of Prodrugs:Bioreversible-Derivatives for Various Functional Groups and ChemicalEntities,” in Design of Prodrugs (H. Bundgaard, ed.), Elsevier, N.Y.(1985).

The compounds of this invention may be synthesized by various methodsknown to those skilled in the art. Non-limiting examples of syntheticschemes for producing the antibacterial agents are described below.

Chart 1 shows a method of preparation of the compounds of Formula I,which are the subject of this invention. Benzaldehydes of structure 1,which are discussed below in charts 3-9, are reacted with a cyclic aminereagent 2 under a variety of reaction conditions to provide theintermediate 3. Preferred conditions include reacting 1 with 2 in asuitable solvent such as N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO) or acetonitrile in the presence of a suitable base such aspotassium carbonate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate,N,N-diisopropylethylamine and the like and at a suitable temperature(typically 50° C. to reflux temperature) until the reaction achieves ahigh conversion to the desired product 3. Compound 3 can be purified bycolumn chromatography over silica gel or by recrystallization.Alternatively, the crude material can often be used directly in the nextstep. To this end, compound 3 is reacted with an active methylenereagent 4 (R¹ and R² are both electron-withdrawing groups) in a suitablesolvent, such as methanol, butanol and the like and at a suitabletemperature such as ambient temperature to generate the intermediates 5.Compounds 4 are commercially available or known in the open and patentliterature. For example, 1,2,6-thiadiazine-3,5(2H,6H)-dione 1,1-dioxideis described in Goya, P.; et al. Heterocycles 1981, 16, 5-7 and Ochoa,C.; et al. J. Heterocycl. Chem. 1978, 15, 221-224. N,N-dihydroxyderivatives of barbituric acid are also known: Cowden, W.; et al. Aust.J. Chem. 1982, 35, 795-797. Barbituric acid and thiobarbituric acid arecommercially available starting materials.

Compound 5 can, in some cases, be isolated and purified. However, it isoften preferable to simply continue the reaction for longer periods oftime and/or at higher temperature (typically 50° C. to refluxtemperature) to drive the reaction further and/or to completion to givethe targeted and claimed compounds 6, which are compounds of Formula I.It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the above syntheticdescription is merely representative and that additional non-essentialvariations known to one skilled in the art are possible, some of whichare encompassed in the examples of this invention.

In the case of spirocyclic hydantoin derivatives of compounds of FormulaI (R¹ and R² taken together to form a hydantoin ring), the desiredcompounds can be prepared as shown in Chart 2. The ketones 7 (seereferences noted below for illustrative examples) are reacted withpotassium cyanide and ammonium carbonate or other synthetic equivalentsdescribed in the references below to provide the hydantoin products 8,which are compounds of Formula I, which are the subject of thisinvention. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the abovesynthetic description is merely representative and that additionalnon-essential variations known to one skilled in the art are possible,some of which are encompassed in the examples of this invention.References to this chemistry can be found in: Obrecht, D.; et al.Helvetica Chimica Acta 1992, 75, 1666-96, Horn, E.; et al. Chem. Ind.1986, 615-16, Grunewald, G. L.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 1980, 23, 7548,Denyer, C. V.; et al. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 1992, 2, 103942, andreferences cited within these citations.

Charts 3-9 illustrate general schemes for the synthesis of2-halobenzaldehydes. In addition to the large number of2-halobenzaldehydes that are available commercially, several additional2-halobenzaldehydes may be produced by one skilled in the art by one orboth of the methods shown below.

Referring to Chart 3, a 2-halotoluene may be oxidized to the2-halobenzaldehyde with chormium trioxide, or similar oxidant, in thepresence of acetic anhydride, or other acylating agent. See for exampleOrg. Syn., Coll. Vol. 2, 1941, 441. The intermediate diacetate may beisolated and purified, or it may be hydrolyzed under acidic or basicconditions to the desired aldehyde. In addition to the many commerciallyavailable 2-halotoluenes that may be employed, many more may be readilyprepared by electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions (FriedelCrafts acylation, nitration, chlorosulfonation, etc) starting from2-fluorotoluene. All four regioisomers of the products may be formed, invarying amounts, from these electrophilic aromatic substitutionreactions.

Referring to chart 4, a fluorobenzene may be lithiated with lithiumdiisopropylamide, or another appropriate base, and the lithium salt maybe trapped with dimethylformamide, or another appropriate electrophile,to yield the desired aldehyde.

In many cases where the above methods are not appropriate for thesynthesis of the requisite aldehydes, they may be made from thecorresponding bromofluorobenzaldehydes as shown in Chart 5. The aldehydeis first protected by acetalization with an appropriate 1,2-diol in thepresence of an appropriate acid. The resulting compound is then treatedwith an appropriate metal reagent such as n-BuLi or Mg. The resultinganion is quenched with the appropriate electrophile, and the aldehyde isdeprotected with aqueous acid. A range of electrophiles includingWeinreb amides, aldehydes, ketones, and disulfides may be used.

The requisite 4-Bromo-2-fluorobenzaldehyde and5-bromo-2-fluorobenzaldehyde are commercially available from AldrichChemical Company as well as other suppliers.2-Bromo-6-fluorobenzaldehyde may be made according to Chart 3 startingfrom commercial 2-bromo-6-fluorotoluene. 3-Bromo-2-fluorobenzaldehydemay be made according to Chart 4 starting from 2-fluorobromobenzene.

In some cases, it may be advisable to introduce the amino substituentbefore introducing the electrophile-derived substituent, as shown inChart 6. The appropriate bromo-2-fluorobenzaldehyde is treated with thedesired amine in the presence of an appropriate base such as potassiumcarbonate. The 2-amino-bromo-benzaldehyde is then protected byacetalization with an appropriate 1,2-diol in the presence of anappropriate acid. The resulting compound is then treated with anappropriate metal reagent such as n-BuLi or Mg. The resulting anion isquenched with the appropriate electrophile, and the aldehyde isdeprotected with aqueous acid. A range of electrophiles includingWeinreb amides, aldehydes, ketones, and disulfides may be used.

In Chart 7, the desired benzaldehyde is formed by reduction andoxidation reactions. For instance, o-fluoroaryl nitrites are reduced tothe desired aldehydes (See A) by the methods described in MilosHudlicky, “Reduction in organic chemistry, ACS Monograph 188,” 2^(nd)ed. 1996, p 239. Alternatively, o-fluorocarboxylic acid or the estermoiety is reduced to the corresponding alcohol as described (Hudlicky,1996), and then oxidation to the desired aldehyde (See B) by one of manymethods described in Milos Hudlicky, “Oxidation in organic chemistry,ACS Monograph 186.” 1990,115-118, 123-126.

Formylation of fluoroarenes is shown in Chart 8. Formylation offluoroarenes can be accomplished by either (a) direct metallation of theortho position followed by trapping with DMF, see Tetrahedron Lett.1992, 33,7499, and similar routes in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry,1993, 6, 403, and J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 3145-7; (b) metal-halogenexchange followed by trapping with DMF, such as described in Perkin 1,2000, 24, 4234; (c) Lewis acid catalyzed formylation, see J. Med. Chem.,1988, 31, 1972-7 and J. Org. Chem., 1986,51 4073-5; or by (d)Vilsmer-type formylation, see J. Med. Chem., 1986,29,2250.

Chart 9, refers to methods for preparing Aryl, vinyl and aminosubstituted o-fluorobenzaldehydes, such as 1) aryl-aryl palladiumcouplings described by N. Miyaura and A. Suzuki in “Palladium-catalyzedcross coupling reactions of organoboron compounds.” Chem. Rev., 1995,95, 2457-83; 2) aryl-amino couplings described by Buchwald, et. al. inJ. Am. Chem. Soc., 1994, 116, 7901, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1996, 118, 7215,or Acc. Chem. Res. 1998, 805, or by Hartwig, et. al in J. Am. Chem.Soc., 1994, 116, 5969; 3) aryl-vinyl couplings (Heck reaction) describedin Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Eng. 1995, 34, 1844, 1848 or Tetrahedron Lett.1996, 37, 6535; or 4) aryl-CO bond formation described in Tetrahedron.Lett. 1986, 27, 3931.

The compounds of Formula I include at least one chiral center. Formula Icovers both racemic and enantiomerically enriched forms of the compoundof this invention. The racemic mixture is useful in the same way and forthe same purpose as the more active enantiomer; the difference is thatmore of the racemic material must be used to produce the sameantibacterial effect. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art thatsome of the claimed compounds have multiple chiral centers present. Inthese cases, diastereomers are possible. All of these diastereomers, inracemic and enantiomerically enriched forms, are also within the scopeof the claimed compounds of Formula I.

The term “enantiomerically enriched” means that one enantiomer of aspecific compound is present in a mixture of the enantiomers for thatcompound at a greater amount relative to the other enantiomer. Forinstance, an enantiomerically enriched form may include a mixture ofenantiomers of a specific compound in which the concentration of asingle enantiomer of that compound is greater than 50%, more typicallygreater than 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90%, or higher, relative to the otherenantiomer of that compound.

Racemic examples of compounds of Formula I can be separated intoindividual enantiomers or enantiomerically enriched isomers byhigh-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) over various chiralstationary phases. For example, chromatography of racemic material overa ChiralPack AD column with ethanol (0.1% DEA) or ethanol/isopropanol(0.1% DEA) affords enantiomerically enriched material. Alternatively,racemic compounds can be separated into enantiomerically enrichedisomers by preparative HPLC using a Chirose C3 column andethanol/isopropanol (0.1% DEA). It should be noted that these are merelyrepresentative conditions and that other mobile and stationary phasesare useful for providing enantiomerically enriched compounds of FormulaI.

Alternatively, enantiomerically enriched compounds of Formula I can beprepared by starting with enantiomerically enriched cyclic amines 2 (seeChart 1).

Also, enantiomerically enriched compounds of Formula I can be preparedby crystallization of racemic mixtures in the presence of anenantiomerically enriched acid or base to make a diastereomeric salt.

Without further elaboration, it is believed that one skilled in the artcan, using the preceding description, practice the present invention toits fullest extent. The foregoing detailed description is given forclearness of understanding only, and no unnecessary limitations shouldbe understood therefrom, as modifications within the scope of theinvention may become apparent to those skilled in the art.

EXAMPLES

Without further elaboration, it is believed that one skilled in the artcan, using the preceding description, practice the present invention toits fullest extent. The following detailed examples describe how toprepare the various compounds and/or perform the various processes ofthe invention and are to be construed as merely illustrative, and notlimitations of the preceding disclosure in any way whatsoever. Thoseskilled in the art will promptly recognize appropriate variations fromthe procedures both as to reactants and as to reaction conditions andtechniques.

Example 11,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-cis-2,4-dimethyl-8-nitrospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′ (2′ H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′ H,3′ H)trione (12) and1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-trans-2,4-dimethyl-8-nitrospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3a]quinoline-5(6H),5′ (2′ H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′H,3′ H)-trione

Step 1: Preparation of Cis- andtrans-2-(2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl)-5-nitrobenzaldehyde

A flask is charged with 2-fluoro-5-nitrobenzaldehyde (1.00 g, 5.92mmol), 2,6-dimethylmorpholine (0.796 g, 6.92 mmol) anhydrous powderedpotassium carbonate (0.955 g, 6.92 mmol) and dimethylformamide (5 mL).The mixture is heated to reflux for 1 h, cooled to room temperature andis poured into of 50% saturated brine solution (50 mL). The aqueouslayer is extracted with ether (2×). The combined organic extracts aredried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated. The resulting residue is purified bysilica gel chromatography using acetone-methylene chloride-heptane(0.5:3:6.5) as the eluent give the major cis isomer (1.18 g, 76%) as ayellow solid and the minor trans isomer (0.257 g, 16%) as a yellow oil.Cis: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 10.09, 8.63, 8.32, 7.08, 3.93, 3.33,2.84, 1.27. Trans: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 10.10, 8.57, 8.27, 7.06,4.26, 3.32, 3.10, 3.07, 1.31.

Step 2: Preparation of5-[2-(cis-2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl)-5-nitrobenzylidene]pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione(9) andtrans-5-[2-(2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl)-5-nitrobenzylidene]pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione(10)

A mixture of cis-2-(2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl)-5-nitrobenzaldehyde(from Step 1) (0528 g, 2.00 mmol) and barbituric acid (0.256 g, 2.00mmol) in methanol (20 mL) are stirred at room temperature for 24 h. Thereaction mixture is adsorbed onto silica gel (10 g) on rotary evaporatorkeeping the a water bath <30 degrees and then is purified on silica gelusing a gradient solvent system acetone-chloroform-acetic acid(1:9:0.5%) initially, then acetone-chloroform-methanol-acetic acid(1:8.5:0.5:0.5%) as the eluent to obtain 421 mg (56%)5-[2-(cis-2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl)-5-nitrobenzylidene]pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trioneas an orange solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 11.38, 11.27, 8.75,8.23, 8.01, 7.21, 3.74, 3.29, 2.69, 1.11.

In a similar manner, the minor trans isomer,trans-2-(2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl)-5-nitrobenzaldehyde (from Step 1)is converted totrans-5-[2-(2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl)-5-nitrobenzylidene]pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trionein 50% yield. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 11.38, 11.27, 8.65, 8.23,8.08, 7.21, 4.06, 3.18, 2.95, 2.92, 1.22.

Step 3: Preparation of1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-cis-2,4-dimethyl-8-nitrospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′ (2′ H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′ H,3′ H)-trione (12) and1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-trans-2,4-dimethyl-8-nitrospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′ (2′ H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′ H,3′ H)-trione

5-[2-(cis-2,6-Dimethylmorpholin-4-yl)-5-nitrobenzylidene]pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione(from Step 2) (2.57 g, 6.87 mmol) is refluxed methanol (230 mL) for 6.25h. then the reaction mixture is stirred at RT overnight. The brightyellow precipitated solid is isolated by filtration and is dried underhigh vacuum at 120° C. for 3 days to afford1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-cis-2,4-dimethyl-8-nitrospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′ (2′ H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′ H,3′ H)-trione in nearly quantitativeyield ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 11.88, 11.57, 7.97, 7.04, 4.30, 3.92,3.54, 2.99, 2.87, 1.16, 0.94.

In a similar manner,trans-5-[2-(2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl)-5-nitrobenzylidene]pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione(from Step 2) is converted to1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-trans-2,4-dimethyl-8-nitrospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′ H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′ H,3′ H) trione in 43% yield. ¹H NMR(400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 11.88, 11.60, 7.98, 7.83, 6.85, 6.85, 4.19, 4.07,3.95, 3.89, 3.63, 3.56, 2.91, 1.24, 0.91.

Example 21,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-cis-2,4-dimethylspiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′ (2′ H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′ H,3′ H)-trione

Step 1: Preparation of Cis-2-(2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl)benzaldehyde

In a manner similar to that described in Example 1 (Step 1),cis-2-2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl)benzaldehyde is obtained in 42% yieldas a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 10.33, 7.83, 7.55, 7.13,3.94, 3.10, 2.67, 1.25.

Step 2: Preparation of1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-cis-2,4-dimethylspiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6]H),5′ (2′ H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′ H,3′ H)-trione

In a manner similar to that described in Example 1. (Steps 2 and 3)1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-cis-2,4-dimethylspiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′ H,3′ H)-trione is obtained by allowinga one pot reaction (Steps 2 and 3 in Example 1), to directly form thespirocyclic final product at room temperature in 53% yield as a whitesolid. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 11.69, 11.43, 7.06, 6.85, 6.54, 4.02,3.65, 3.59-3.48, 3.23, 2.90, 2.78, 1.14, 0.91.

Example 38-Bromo-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-cis-2,4-dimethylspiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′ (2′ H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′ H,3′ H)-trione

Step 1: Preparation of Cis- andtrans-5-bromo-2(2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl)benzaldehyde

In a manner similar to that described in Example 1 (Step 1)cis-5-bromo-2-(2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl)benzaldehyde andtrans-5-bromo-2-(2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl)benzaldehyde are obtained in63% and 16% yields as a yellow solid and a yellow oil respectively.Cis-isomer: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 10.25, 7.91, 7.62, 6.99,3.96-3.86, 3.04, 2.65, 1.24; Trans-isomer: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ10.33, 7.91, 7.63, 7.00, 4.28-4.18, 3.11, 2.80, 2.77, 1.34.

Step 2: Preparation of8-Bromo-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-cis-2,4-dimethylspiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′ (2′ H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′ H,3′ H)-trione

In a manner similar to that described in Example 1, (Steps 2 and 3)8-bromo-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-cis-2,4-dimethylspiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′ (2′ H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′ H,3′ H)-trione is prepared in 88%yield as a orange solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 11.78, 11.48, 7.18,7.05, 6.81, 4.00, 3.67, 3.64-3.56, 3.56-3.46, 3.30, 2.86, 2.80, 1.13,0.91.

Example 48-Fluoro-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-cis-2,4-dimethylspiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′ (2′ H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′ H,3′ H)trione

Step 1: Preparation of2-(2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl)-5-fluorobenzaldehyde

In a manner similar to that described in Example 1 (Step 1)cis-2-(2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl)-5-fluorobenzaldehyde andtrans-2-(2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl)-5-fluorobenzaldehyde are obtainedin 24% and 6% yields as a yellow solid and a yellow oil, respectively.Cis-isomer. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 10.37, 7.50, 7.31-7.24, 7.14,7.12, 3.97-3.86, 3.00, 2.64, 1.24; and trans-isomer ¹H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl₃) δ 10.45, 7.50, 7.14, 7.12, 4.27-4.17, 3.07, 2.76, 2.74, 1.35.

Step 2: Preparation of8-Fluoro-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-cis-2,4-dimethylspiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′ (2′ H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′ H,3′ H)-trione

In a manner similar to that described Example 1, (Steps 2 and 3),8-fluoro-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-cis-2,4-dimethylspiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′ (2′ H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′ H,3′ H)-trione is prepared in 86%yield as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 11.74, 11.48,6.94-6.86, 6.86-6.75, 3.94, 3.66-3.49, 3.26, 2.92, 2.77, 1.13, 0.91.

Example 51,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-cis-2,4-dimethyl-8-trifluoromethylspiro[[1,4]oxazino]-4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′ (2′ H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′ H,3′ H)-trione

Step 1: Preparation of Cis- andtrans-2-(2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde

In a manner similar to that described in Example 1 (Step 1)cis-2-(2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde andtrans-2-(2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde areobtained in 74% and 21% yields as yellow oils. Cis-isomer: ¹H NMR (400MHz, CDCl₃) δ 10.17, 7.98, 7.66, 7.07, 3.90-3.80, 3.09, 2.65, 1.17.Trans-isomer: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 10.32, 8.08, 7.76, 7.17,4.32-4.22, 3.22, 2.93, 2.90, 1.37.

Step 2: Preparation of1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-cis-2,4-dimethyl-8-trifluoromethylspiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′ (2′ H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′ H,3′ H)-trione

In a manner similar to that described Example 1, (Steps 2 and 3), exceptafter stirring at RT for 24 h, the reaction mixture is heated at refluxfor an additional3h,1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-is-2,4-dimethyl-8-trifluoromethylspiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′ H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′ H,3′ H)-trione is prepared in 53%yield as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 11.80, 11.51, 7.36,7.21, 6.99, 4.16, 3.79, 3.65-3.55, 3.55-3.49, 3.45, 2.90, 1.15, 0.93.

Example 6 1,1′,2, 3′4,4′,4a,61-Octrahydro-2,4′,6′-trioxospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4, a]quinoline-5(6H), 5′(2′ H)-pyrimidine]-8-carbonitrile

Step 1: Preparation of4-(cis-2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl)-3-formylbenzonitrile

A mixture of 5-bromo-2-(2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl)benzaldehyde (0.298g, 1.00 mmol), 1,1′-bis(dimethylphosphino)ferrocene [dppf] (0.022 g,0.040 mmol), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium[Pd₂(dba)₃] (0.018 g,0.020 mmol), zinc dust (0.008 g, 0.12 mmol) and zinc cyanide (0.070 g,0.60 mmol) in dimethylacetamide (2 mL) is heated 120° C. for 4 h. Thereaction mixture is cooled and partitioned between dilute ammoniumhydroxide and ethyl acetate. The phases are separated. The organic layeris extracted with an additional portion of ethyl acetate. The combinedorganic layers are dried (NaSO₄) and then concentrated. The resultingresidue is purified by silica gel chromatography using ethylacetate-methylene chloride-heptane (0.5:4.0:5.5) as the eluent toafford, 172 mg (70%) of the cyano aldehyde. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ10.05, 7.97, 7.64, 7.01, 3.92-3.79, 3.14, 2.70, 1.17.

Step 2: Preparation of 1,1′,2,3′4,4′,4a,6′-Octrahydro-2,4′,6′-trioxospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3<]quinoline-5(6H), 5′(2′ H)-pyrimidine]-8-carbonitrile

In a manner similar to that described Example 1 (Steps 2 and 3), exceptafter stirring at RT for 36 h, the reaction mixture is heated at refluxfor an additional 24h to give 1,1′,2,3′4,4′,4a,6′-octrahydro-2,4′,6′-trioxospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H), 5′(2′ H) pyrimidine]-8 carbonitrilein 88% yield as a white solid. ¹H NMR(400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 11.90, 11.60, 7.53, 7.32, 7.06, 4.26, 3.88,3.68-3.59, 3.59-3.51, 3.46, 2.97, 2.90, 1.20, 0.98.

Example 71,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-cis-2,4-dimethyl-8-carboxamidespiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′ (2′ H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′ H,3′ H)-trione

Step 1: Preparation of4-(ds-2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl)-3-formylbenzamide

A solution of 4-(cis-2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl)-3-formylbenzonitrile(Example 6, Step 1) (0.244 g, 1.00 mmol) in acetone (4 mL) is treatedwith anhydrous powdered potassium carbonate (0.028 g, 0.20 mmol)followed by 30% hydrogen peroxide (0.204 g, 6.00 mmol). The reactionmixture is stirred at room temperature. After 24 h, additional 30%hydrogen peroxide (6.0 mmol) and acetone (2 mL) is added. After stirringat RT for 5 days, an additional potassium carbonate (0.96 g) and DMSO (4mL) is added and stirred at RT for 24 h. The reaction mixture is pouredinto 50% saturated brine (40 mL), extracted with ether (3×), dried(NaSO₄) and concentrated. The resulting residue is purified by silicagel chromatography using acetone-methylene chloride (1:4) as the eluent,to afford 28 mg (11%) of the desired amide as a yellow foam. ¹H NMR (400MHz, CDCl₃) δ 10.20, 8.20, 8.09, 7.12, 6.47-5.88, 4.00-3.86, 3.20, 2.74,1.25.

Step 2: Preparation of1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-cis-2,4-dimethyl-8-carboxamidespiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′ (2′ H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′ H,3′ H)-trione

In a manner similar to that described in Example 1 (Steps 2 and 3)1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-cis-2,4-dimethyl-8-carboxamidespiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′ (2′ H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′ H,3′ H)-trione is obtained as a whitesolid in 90% yield after stirring at RT for 9 days. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d₆) δ 11.78, 11.47, 7.64, 7.60, 7.43, 6.90, 6.87, 4.15, 3.75,3.62-3.42, 3.28, 2.93-2.81, 1.15, 0.93.

Example 81,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-8-nitrospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H), 5′(2′ H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′ H,3′ H)-trione

Step 1: Preparation of 2-morpholin-4-yl-5-nitrobenzaldehyde

In a manner similar to that described in Example 1 (Step 1),2-morpholin-4-yl-5-nitrobenzaldehyde is obtained in 89% yield as ayellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 10.05, 8.57, 8.26, 7.03, 3.87,3.23.

Step 2: Preparation of5-(2-morpholin-4-yl-5-nitrobenzylidene)pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione

In a manner similar to that described in Example 1 (Step 2)5-(2-morpholin-4-yl-5-nitrobenzylidene)pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trioneis obtained in a 15% yield as a yellow solid ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ11.40, 11.28, 8.71, 8.25, 8.04, 7.22, 3.74, 3.17.

Step 3: Preparation of1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-8-nitrospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H), 5′(2′ H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′ H,3′ H)-trione

In a manner similar to that described in Example 1 (Step 3),1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-8-nitrospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H), 5′(2′ H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′H,3′ H)-trione is obtained in 73% yield.¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 11.63, 11.41, 7.96, 7.86, 7.04, 4.13, 3.91,3.85, 3.76, 3.51-3.38, 3.30-3.11.

Example 91,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-2,4-dimethylspiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′ H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′ H,3′ H)-trione

Step 1: Preparation of5-(2-morpholin-4-ylbenzylidene)pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione

In a manner similar to that described in Example 1 (Step 2)5-(2-morpholin-4-ylbenzylidene)pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione isobtained in 35% yield as an orange solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ11.31, 11.12, 8.36, 7.88, 7.48, 7, 10, 7.04, 3.72, 2.94.

Step 2: Preparation of1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-2,4-dimethylspiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′ (2′ H)-pyrimidine)-2′,4′,6′ (1′ H,3′ H)-trione

In a manner similar to that described in Example 1 (Step 3)1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2,4-dimethylspiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′ (2′ H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′ H,3′ H)-trione is obtained in 93%yield after refluxing for 2 hours in methanol. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆)δ 11.48, 11.35, 7.06, 6.97, 6.90, 6.69, 3.86, 3.70, 3.50, 3.41-3.08,2.88.

Example 108-Bromo-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2,4-dimethylspiro[[1,4]piperazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′ (2′ H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′ H,3′ H)-trione

Step 1: Preparation of5-bromo-2-(3,5-dimethylpiperidin-1-yl)benzaldehyde

In a manner similar to that described in Example 1 (Step 1)5-bromo-2-(3,5-dimethylpiperidin-1-yl)benzaldehyde is obtained as adiastereomeric mixture in 85% yield. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 10.30,10.20, 7.90, 7.58, 7.00, 3.17, 3.06, 2.73, 2.70, 2.41, 2.19-2.09,2.01-1.84, 1.62, 1.46, 1.06, 0.92.

Step 2: Preparation of8-Bromo-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2,4-dimethylspiro[[1,4]piperazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′ H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′ 1H,3′ H)-trione

In a manner similar to that described in Example 1 (Steps 2 and 3)8-bromo-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2,4-dimethylspiro[[1,4]piperazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′ (2′ H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′ H,3′ H)-trione is obtained in 89%yield as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 11.63, 11.49, 7.15,7.03, 6.69, 3.87, 3.61, 3.25, 2.78, 2.66, 1.78-1.55, 0.88, 0.65.

Example 111,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-1,4-a-dimethyl-8-nitrospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′ (2′ H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′ H,3′ H)-trione

Step 1: Preparation of 3,5-dimethylmorpholine

Acetol (10.9 g, 0.133 mmol, 1.17 eq) and dl-2-amino-1-propanol (8.5 g,0.113, 1.0 eq) are combined in 200 mL of ethanol. The atmosphere abovethe solvent is purged with nitrogen, platinum oxide (50 mg, 85%,Englehart) is added and the mixture is hydrogenated at room temperatureat 38.5 psi overnight. An additional 50 mg of platinum oxide catalyst isadded and the reaction mixture is hydrogenated for an additional 18 h.The reaction mixture is filtered through a pad of solka-floc, rinsedthoroughly with ethanol and the filtrate is concentrated. The residue ispurified by silica gel chromatography using chloroform-methanol-ammoniumhydroxide (29%) (85:15:1) as the eluent to give 10.67 g (71%) of theaminodiol.

Subsequent dehydration of the aminodiol (10.1 g, 0.0759 mol) is carriedout in a flask having ample void volume to accommodate the frothinggenerated by heating with concentrated sulfuric acid (14.14 g, 0.144mol, 1.90 eq) at 180° C. for 8 h. The black mixture is cooled in an icebath while potassium hydroxide (17.1 g, 0.304 mol, 4.0 eq) in 85 mL ofwater is added dropwise over a period of 25 min. The basic suspension isstirred at room temperature overnight, is filtered through a pad ofcelite and the pad is rinsed two times with water. The aqueous filtrateis extracted five times with chloroform-methanol (85:15), dried (NaSO₄)and is concentrated on a rotary evaporator, keeping the water bathtemperature ≦25° C. to minimize loss of volatile product 7.19 g (82%) asa colorless liquid: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 3.62, 3.23, 3.20, 3.07,2.89, 1.03, 0.88 3.

Step 2: Preparation of 2-(3,5dimethylmorpholin-4-yl)-5-nitrobenzaldehyde

In a manner similar to that described in Example 1 (Step 1),2-(3,5-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl)-5-nitrobenzaldehyde is obtained in 26%yield as a mixture of cis and trans isomers, which is used immediatelyin the next reaction without further purification.

Step 3: Preparation of1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-1,4a-dimethyl-8-nitrospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′ (2′ H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′ H,3′ H)-trione

In a manner similar to that described in Example 1 (Steps 2 and 3), 36mg of1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-1,4a-dimethyl-8-nitrospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′ (2′ H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′ H,3′ H)-trione is obtained as ayellow oil (mixture of cis and trans isomers), after stirring at roomtemperature for 6 days followed by purification on silca gel usingacetate-chloroform-acetic acid (1:2:7:0.5%) as the eluent. ¹H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 11.50, 11.36, 7.98, 7.94, 6.85, 3.97, 3.87-3.69,3.67-3.47, 3.12, 1.29, 1.26.

Example 128-Bromo-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-cis-2,4-dimethylspiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′ (2′ H)-pyrimidine]-4′-thioxo-2′,6′ (1′H,3′H)-dione

In a manner similar to that described in Example 1 (Steps 2 and 3),except substituting thiobarbituric acid for barbituric acid,8-bromo-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-cis-2,4-dimethylspiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′ (2′ H)-pyrimidine]-4′-thioxo-2′,6′ (1′ H,3′H)-dione is obtained in82% yield as a yellow solid, after stirring at RT for 24 h and thenheating at reflux for 5.5 h. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 12.86, 12.61,7.19, 7.09, 6.83, 4.01, 3.64, 3.65-3.53, 3.53-3.42, 3.30, 2.91, 2.81,1.13, 0.90.

Example 138-Bromo-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-cis-2,4-dimethylspiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′ (2′H)pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′ methyl, 3′ methyl)-trione

In a manner similar to that described in Example 1 (Steps 2 and 3),except substituting 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid for barbituric acid,1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-cis-2,4-dimethyl-8-bromospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′ (2′H)pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′methyl, 3′ methyl)-trione is obtained in40% yield as a white solid after stirring at RT for 24 h, then heatingat reflux temperature for 5.5 h. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 7.19, 6.98,6.84, 4.00, 3.68, 3.63-3.52, 3.50-3.39, 3.32, 3.23, 3.09, 2.92, 2.80,1.12, 0.87.

Example 14N-[1,1′,2,3′,4,4′,4a,6′-Octahydro-2,4-dimethyl-2′,4′,6′trioxospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinolone-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidin]-8-yl]acetamide

A Parr bottle is charged with1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-cis-2,4-dimethyl-8-nitrospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′ (2′ H)pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′ H,3′ H)-trione (Example 1, Step 3)(203 mg, 0.542 mmol), acetic anhydride (0.4 mL, 4.24 mmol) and 10-weight% Pd/C (28 mg). Methanol (35 mL) is added and the resulting mixture isshaken at room temperature under 40 psi of H₂ for 18 hours. The mixtureis filtered through a pad of Celite, and the pad is washed withmethanol, 5% methanol in ethyl acetate and then 5% methanol in CH₂Cl₂.The combined filtrates are concentrated pressure and dried under highvacuum at room temperature for 18 hours. The crude product is purifiedby silica gel chromatography using 5% methanol in CH₂Cl₂ as the eluentto give 168.4 mg (80%) of the desired product. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ11.69, 11.40, 9.59, 7.21, 7.15, 6.76, 3.93, 3.61, 3.54, 3.20, 2.90,2.72, 1.95, 1.12, 0.91.

Example 15 tert-butyl1,1′,2,3′,4,4′,4a,6′-Octahydro-2,4-dimethyl-2′,4′,6-trioxospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinolone-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidin]-8-ylcarbamate

A 200 mL Parr bottle is charged with1,2-4,4-a-tetrahydro-cis-2,4-dimethyl-8-nitrospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′ (2′ H)pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′ H,3′ H)-trione (Example 1, Step 3)(6.81 g, 18.2 mmoles), di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (8.62 g, 37.5 mmoles)and 10-weight % Pd/C (694 mg). Methanol (750 mL) is carefully added, andthe resulting slurry is shake at RT under 30 psi of H₂ for 22 h. Thereaction is filtered through a pad of Celite. The pad is washed withmethanol, 5% methanol in EtOAc and 5% methanol in CH₂Cl₂ (100 mL each).The filtrate is concentrated. The crude product is dissolved in hotEtOAc and a small amount of methanol and is recrystallized from heptane.After cooling to room temperature and then stirring at 0° C. for 2hours, the solid is collected by filtration and dried (20 torr, 60° C.,16 hours) to afford 5.67 g (70%) tert-butyl1,1′,2,3′,4,4′,4a,6′-octahydro-2,4-dimethyl-2′,4′,6′-trioxospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinolone-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidin]-8-ylcarbamate as a white solid that decomposes at244° C. The mother liquors from this crystallization are concentratedand the residue is purified by silica gel chromatography using 5%methanol in CH₂Cl₂ as the eluent to give an additional 1.8 g (22%) ofthe title compound. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 11.68, 11.42, 8.92, 7.05, 6.72,3.90, 3.61, 3.52, 3.17, 2.88, 2.69, 1.44, 1.12, 0.90.

Example 168-Amino-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2,4-dimethylspiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinolone-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione monohydrochloride

A suspension of tert-butyl1,1′,2,3′,4,4′,4a,6′-octahydro-2,4-dimethyl-2′,4′,6′-trioxospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinolone-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidin]-8-ylcarbamate (from Example 15) (7.4 g, 16.65 mmoles)in 250 mL of CH₂Cl₂ at room temperature is treated via pipette with asolution of 4.0 N HCl in dioxane (20 mL, 80 mmoles). The resultingslurry is stirred at room temperature for 2 days and then concentrated.The residue is dissolved in hot 1:1 EtOAc/methanol (˜300 mL) andrecrystallized from heptane. After cooling to room temperature and thenstirring at 0° C. for 30 minutes, the solid is isolated by filtrationand dried (20 torr, 60° C., for 18 h) to give 6.31 g (99%) of the titlecompound as a beige solid. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 11.78, 11.47, 9.83, 7.06,6.92, 6.87, 4.03, 3.67, 3.60, 3.50, 3.41, 2.90-2.82, 1.13, 0.91.

Example 179-Bromo-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-8-nitrospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H) trione

Step 1: Preparation of 4-Bromo-2-fluoro-5-nitrobenzaldehyde

Nitric acid (25 mL) is added dropwise to a solution of4-bromo-2-fluorobenzaldehyde (5.12 g, 25.2 mmol) in sulfuric acid (25mL). The mixture is stirred for 2 hours and then is poured over ice.Product is extracted into MTBE (100 mL). The organic layer is washedwith saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (100 mL), dried (Na₂SO₄), and evaporatedyielding 5.98 g of yellow solid. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ 10.13, 8.49, 8.22.

Step 2: Preparation of4-Bromo-2-(2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl)-5-nitrobenzaldehyde

A solution of cis-2,6-dimethylmorpholine (1.06 g, 9.20 mmol) inacetonitrile (40 mL) is added to a flask containing4bromo-2-fluoro-5-nitrobenzaldehyde (from Step 1) (2.0 g, 8.06 mmol) andpotassium carbonate (3.92 g, 28.4 mmol). The resulting slurry is stirredat room temperature for 63 hours. The mixture is poured into MTBE (100mL) and is washed with water (100 mL) followed by brine (100 mL). Theorganics are filtered through silica gel and concentrated to give 1.76 gof bright yellow solid. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ 9.93, 8.44, 7.53, 3.74-3.81,3.48, 2.78, 1.12.

Step 3: Preparation of9-Bromo-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-8-nitrospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione

A mixture of 4-bromo-2-(2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl)-5-nitrobenzaldehyde(from Step 2) (989 mg, 2.88 mmol) and barbituric acid (369 mg, 2.88mmol) in isopropanol (15 mL) is sealed in a 20 mL scintillation vial andshaken at 85° C. for 2.5 hours. The product is adsorbed onto silica geland purified by silica gel chromatography using a gradient from 20%EtOAc in CH₂Cl₂ to 25% EtOAc in CH₂Cl₂ as eluent. Product is isolatedand dried (20 Torr, 100° C.) to give 512 mg of yellow solid. ¹H NMR(DMSO-d₆) δ 11.90, 11.62, 7.79, 7.36, 4.32, 3.87, 3.47-3.63, 2.94, 2.81,1.15, 0.94.

Example 188-Acetyl-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2,4-dimethylspiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2H)-pyrimidine)-2′,4′,6′ (1′H,3′H)-trione

Step 1: Preparation of 5-Bromo-2-2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl)benzaldehyde

A mixture of 5-bromo-2-fluorobenzaldehyde (16.0 g, 78.6 mmol),cis-2,6-dimethylmorpholine (9.32 g, 80.9 mmol), and potassium carbonate(15.0 g, 108 mmol) in DMF (75 mL) is heated in a 120° C. oil bath for 14hours. The mixture is diluted with MTBE (250 mL) and washed with water(4×200 mL). (Ethyl acetate is added as needed to maintain thehomogeneity of the organic layer). The organics are filtered through a1″ plug of silica gel and evaporated to give 21.5 g of brown solid. Thismaterial is approximately 90% pure as judged by HPLC and is used withoutfurther purification. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ 10.11, 7.78, 7.75, 7.17,3.77-3.86, 3.12, 2.56, 1.11.

Step 2: Preparation of4-[4-Bromo-2-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)phenyl]-2,6-dimethylmorpholine

5-Bromo-2-(2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl)benzaldehyde (from Step 1) (10.0g, 33.5 mmol) is dissolved in toluene (50 ml), and toluenesulfonic acidmonohydrate (0.64 g, 3.4 mmol) and ethylene glycol (3.7 ml, 66.3 mmol)are added. The reaction is refluxed for 2.5 hours with a Dean-Stark trapin place. The reaction is neutralized with saturated NaHCO₃ solution andextracted with EtOAc (2×). The combined organic layers are washed withbrine, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated give a crude oil (13.09 g). Theoil is purified by vacuum flash chromatography using an 85 mm diametermedium glass-sintered frit packed up to 50 mm with 1540 micron SiO₂. Theproduct is eluted using a gradient from 99% heptane, 1% Et₃N to 90%ethylene chloride, 9% heptane, 1% Et₃N to give 10.89 (95%) of a goldenoil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.66, 7.42, 6.94, 6.13, 4.18, 4.02, 3.83,3.03, 2.46, 1.19.

Step 3: Preparation of5-Acetyl-2-(2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl)benzaldehyde

t-Butyl lithium in hexanes (3.8 ml of a 1.7 M solution, 14.5 mmol) isadded to THF at −78° C. in a flame dried round-bottomed flask.4-[4-Bromo-2-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)phenyl]-2,6-dimethylmorpholine (fromStep 2) (1.0 g, 2.9 mmol) is dissolved in THF (5 mL) and is slowly addedto the t-BuLi solution over 7 minutes keeping the temperature below −70°C. The mixture is stirred for 30 minutes andN-methoxy-N-methyl-acetamide (0.34 mL, 3.2 mmol) is slowly addeddropwise. The reaction is stirred at −78° C. for 30 minutes and thenstored at 0° C. overnight. The reaction is quenched with 1 M HCl (22.5mL) and then heated at 65° C. for 1 hour. The mixture is basified with 1M aqueous Na₂CO₃ and extracted with EtOAc (2×). The combined organiclayers are washed with brine, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated. Theresulting residue is adsorbed onto silica gel and purified by silica gelchromatography using 15-20% EtOAc in heptane as the eluent to afford0.35 g (45% c) a clear oil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 10.1, 8.35, 8.12,7.08, 3.93, 3.25, 2.76, 2.60, 1.25.

Step 4: Preparation of8-Acetyl-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2,4-dimethylspiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2-pyrimidine)-2′,4′,6′ (1′H,3′H)-trione

5-Acetyl-2-(2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl)benzaldehyde (from Step 3, 0.34g, 1.3 mmol) and barbituric acid (0.175 g, 1.36 mmol) are dissolved inisopropanol (6 ml) and heated at reflux for 1 hour. IThe cooled reactionmixture is stored at 0° C. overnight. The light yellow solid is isolatedby filtration, washed with cold isopropanol and dried in a vacuum oven(20 Torr, 90° C.) for 2 days to afford 0.48 g (100%) of the titlecompound. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 11.8, 11.45, 7.70, 7.52, 6.92,4.36, 4.21, 3.82, 3.76, 3.60, 3.53, 3.43, 2.90, 2.40, 1.15, 0.92.

Example 198-Ethanone-O-methyloxime-l-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2,4-dimethylspiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2H)-pyrimidine)-2,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione

8-Acetyl-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2,4-dimethylspiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2H)-pyrimidine)-2′,4′,6′ (1′H,3′H)-trione as prepared in Example 18(0.15 g, 0.40 mmol) and methoxyamine hydrochloride (0.17 g, 2.02 mmol)are dissolved in pyridine (5 mL) and stirred at room temperatureovernight. The reaction mixture is diluted with CH₂Cl₂ and the solutionis washed with saturated NaHCO₃ and brine. The organic layer is dried(Na₂SO₄) and concentrated. The resulting crude solid is purified bysilica gel chromatography using 5% IPA in CH₂Cl₂ (150 mL) and 5% MeOH inCH₂Cl₂ (100 mL) as the eluent to give 120 mg (74%) of the title compoundas a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 11.75, 11.45, 7.36, 6.84,4.08, 3.84, 3.60, 3.53, 2.84, 2.07, 1.14, 0.91.

Example 201,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-8-(methylsulfonyl)spiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3H)-trione

Step 1: Preparation of4-[2-(1,3-ioxolan-2-yl)-4-(methylthio)phenyl]-2,6-dimethylmorpholine

To a stirred solution of 1.7 M f-butyl lithium in hexane (11.4 mL, 19.0mmol) in THF (35 mL), cooled to −78° C., is added via addition funnelover 15 min. a solution of4-[4-bromo-2-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)phenyl]-2,6-dimethylmorpholine (Example18, Step 2, (3.0 g, 8.8 mmol)) in THF (15 mL) After stirring for 15minutes, methyl methanethiol sulfonate (1.0 ml, 9.6 mmol) is added, andthe reaction is allowed to warm to 0° C. The reaction is stored at 0° C.overnight. The reaction is poured into saturated aqueous Na₂CO₃ andextracted with EtOAc (2×). The combined organic layers are washed withbrine, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated to afford 2.85 g (95%) of agolden oil which is used without further purification.

Step 2: Preparation of2-(2,6-Dimethylmorpholin-4-yl)-5-(methylsulfonyl)benzaldehyde

4-[2-(1,3-Ioxolan-2-yl)-4-(methylthio)phenyl]-2,6-dimethylmorpholine(from Step 1) (0.5 g, 1.62 mmol) is dissolved in a mixture of acetone (3mL) and water (5 mL). Oxone (1.29 g, 2.1 mmol) is dissolved in 0.4 mMEDTA solution (5.3 mL) and is slowly added to the reaction mixture. Theresulting suspension is vigorously stirred for one hour. The reaction istreated with a solution of NaHSO₃ (82 mg) in water (0.2 ml), followed by1 M HCl (15 mL). The resulting mixture is heated at 65° C. for 1 hour.The reaction is neutralized with saturated aqueous Na₂CO₃ and extractedwith EtOAc (2×). The combined organic layers are washed with brine,dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated. The resulting residue is adsorbed ontosilica gel and purified by silica gel chromatography using 45-50% EtOAcin heptane as the eluent to give 0.24 g (50%) of2-(2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl)-5-(methylsulfonyl)benzaldehyde as ayellow oil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 10.1, 8.31, 8.01, 7.15, 3.93,3.25, 3.07, 2.79, 1.25.

Step 3: Preparation of1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-8-(methylsulfonyl)spiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione

In a similar manner as described in Example 18 (Step 4), 0.18 g (57%) of1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-8-(methylsulfonyl)spiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione is obtained. ¹H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 11.7, 7.55, 7.39, 4.21, 3.82, 3.60, 3.52, 3.04, 2.90,1.15, 0.93.

Example 211,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-8-(methylsulfinyl)spiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione

Step 1: Preparation of2-(2,6-Dimethylmorpholin-4-yl)-5-(methylsulfinyl)benzaldehyde

4-[2-1,3-Ioxolan-2-yl)-4-(methylthio)phenyl]-2,6-dimethylmorpholine fromExample 20 (Step 1, (1.6 g, 5.17 mmol)) is dissolved in a mixture ofacetone (15 mL) and water (15 mL). The slurry is cooled to 0° C. andsolid NaHCO₃ (3.79 g) is added. To this stirred slurry is added dropwisea solution of Oxone (2.3 g) in 0.4 mM aqueous EDTA (10 mL) while keepingdie temperature below 5° C. The slurry is stiffed for 5 minutes and thenis treated with a solution of NaHSO₃ (1.42 g) in water (2.8 mL) followeddioxane (10 mL) and 6 N HCl (9 mL). Be reaction mixture is heated to 65°C. for 1 hour. The reaction mixture is neutralized with saturatedaqueous Na₂CO₃ solution and extracted with EtOAc (2×). The combinedorganic layers are washed with brine, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated.The crude oil is purified by silica gel chromatography using EtOAc asthe eluent to give 0.80 g (55%) of a yellow oil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃)δ 10.25, 7.98, 7.89, 7.23, 3.93, 3.16, 2.74, 2.74, 1.25.

Step 3: Preparation of1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-g-(methylsulfinyl)spiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione

In a similar manner as described in Example 18 (Step 4), 0.85 g (77%) of1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-8-(methylsulfinyl)spiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione is obtained as a whitesolid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 11.8, 11.5, 7.36, 7.23, 7.01, 4.14,3.76, 3.60, 3.52, 3.42, 2.87, 2.63, 1.14, 0.92.

Example 221,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-8-(methylthio)spiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione

Step 1: Preparation of2-(2,6-Dimethylmorpholin-4-yl)-5-(methylthio)benzaldehyde

4-[2-(1,3-Ioxolan-2-yl)-4-(methylthio)phenyl]-2,6-dimethylmorpholine(Example 20, Step 1, 0.5 g), is dissolved in dioxane (10 mL) and 1 M HCl(10 mL). The mixture is heated at reflux for 15 minutes. The reaction isquenched into saturated Na₂CO₃ and is extracted with EtOAc (2×). Thecombined organic layers are washed with brine and then concentrated. Thecrude oil is adsorbed onto silica gel and is purified by silica gelchromatography using 10 to 20% EtOAc in heptane as the eluent to give270 mg (59%) of2-(2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl)-5-(methylthio)benzaldehyde as a yellowoil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 10.3, 7.69, 7.45, 7.04, 3.90, 3.02, 2.63,2.49, 1.22.

Step 2: Preparation of1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-8-(methylthio)spiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]. 2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione

In a similar manner as described in Example 18 (Step 4), 0.31 g (84%) of1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-8-(methylthio)spiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione is obtained as a whitesolid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 11.75, 11.45, 7.05, 6.90, 6.82, 3.99,3.63, 3.60, 3.53, 3.25, 2.87, 2.77, 2.34, 1.13, 0.91.

Example 231,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-9-nitrospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione

Step 1: Preparation of 2-Fluoro-4-nitrobenzaldehyde-bis-acetate

2-Fluoro-2-nitrotoluene (10.0 g, 63.2 mmol), acetic acid (100 mL) andacetic anhydride (100 mL) are added to a 500 ml 3-necked round-bottomedflask and cooled to −14° C. with a salt water ice bath. Concentratedsulfuric acid (14.6 mL) is slowly added over 10 min keeping thetemperature below 10° C. Chromium trioxide (17.56 g, 175.6 mmol) is thenslowly added over 30 minutes keeping the temperature below −9° C. Thereaction is warmed to 0° C. and stirred for 1.5 hours. The reaction ispoured into ice water (1000 mL) and is stirred for 15 minutes. The darkgreen slurry is filtered and the resulting light green solid is washedwith cold water. The solid is slurried with cold aqueous Na₂CO₃,filtered, rinsed with cold water and cold EtOH to give 6.93 g, (40%) ofa white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.09, 7.99, 7.93, 7.75, 2.16.

Step 2: Preparation of 2-Fluoro-4-nitrobenzaldehyde

2-Fluoro-4-nitrobenzaldehyde-bis-acetate (from Step 1, (6.9 g, 25.4mmol)), EtOH (15 mL, water (15 mL) and concentrated sulfuric acid (1.4mL) are mixed together and heated to reflux for 40 minutes. The reactionmixture is filtered through Solka-flok and is cooled to 0° C. The whitesolid precipitate is isolated by filtration, washed with cold water anddried (20 Torr, 70° C.) to give 3.2 g (49%) of the desired aldehyde: ¹HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 10.5, 8.16, 8.09.

Step 3: Preparation of2-(2,6-Dimethylmorpholin-4-yl)-4-nitrobenzaldehyde

A stirred mixture of 2-fluoro-4-nitrobenzaldehyde (1.0 g, 5.9 mmol),K₂CO₃ (2.05 g, 14.8 mmol) and cis-dimethylmorpholine (0.75 g, 6.5 mmol)in CH₃CN (10 mL) is heated at reflux overnight. The reaction is cooled,diluted with water and extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (2×). The combined organiclayers are washed with brine, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated. Theresulting crude residue is adsorbed onto silica gel and is purified bysilica gel chromatography using 50-100% CH₂Cl₂ in heptane as the eluentto afford 0.48 g (31%) of the desired product as an orange solid. ¹H NMR(400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 10.3, 7.93, 3.93, 3.14, 2.75, 1.26.

Step 4: Preparation of1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-9-nitrospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione

In a similar manner as described in Example 18 (Step 4), 360 mg (59%) of1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-9-nitrospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(60),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trioneis obtained as an orange solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 11.8, 11.5,7.63, 7.39, 7.12, 4.18, 3.74), 3.63, 3.49, 3.17, 2.92, 1.17, 0.94.

Example 241,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-8-nitrospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′methyl,3′methyl)-trioneand1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-8-nitrospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H, 3′methyl)-trione.

1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-cis-2,4-dimethyl-8-nitrospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′ (2′ H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′ H,3′ H)-trione from Example 1 (0.45g, 1.16 mmol) is dissolved in DMF (25 mL) and iodomethane (0.15 mL, 2.32mmol) is added. The reaction is cooled to 0° C., and a solution of 1 Mpotassium t-butoxide in THF (1.8 mL, 1.8 mmol) is added dropwise over 5minutes. The reaction is stirred for 90 minutes. The reaction is dilutedwith water and extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (2×). The combined organic layersare washed with water (3×), dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated. Theresulting crude residue is absorbed on to silica gel and purified bysilica gel chromatography using 0.5-2% MeOH in CH₂Cl₂ as the eluent toafford 0.20 g (33%) of1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-8-nitrospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′methyl,3′methyl)-trione as a yellow solidafter drying at 55° C. for 3 days (¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.10, 7.77,6.75, 4.08, 3.76, 3.61, 3.42, 3.25, 3.19, 3.11, 2.99, 1.26, 0.98).Further elution yielded 0.21 g, (36%) of1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-8-nitrospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H, 3′methyl)-trione (mixture ofdiastereomers) as a yellow solid after drying at 55° C. for 3 days (¹HNMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 11.8, 7.98, 7.77, 7.05, 4.30, 3.94, 3.53, 3.21,3.02, 2.98, 2.87, 1.16, 0.92).

Example 251,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-4-methyl-8-nitrospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione and1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-2-methyl-nitrospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′s)-trione

Step 1:

To a stirred solution of 2-methylmorpholine hydrochloride in DMF (5 mL)is added diisopropylethylamine (0.25 mL, 1.48 mmol) followed by2-fluoro-5-nitrobenzaldehyde (210.1 mg, 1.24 mmol) and solid potassiumcarbonate (198.8 mg, 1.44 mmol). The reaction mixture is heated at 120°C. for 2 h. The reaction mixture is cooled and partitioned between etherand half-saturated brine. The phases are separated. The aqueous layer isextracted with ether (3×). The combined organic phases are dried(MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated. The resulting residue is dissolvedin CH₂Cl₂ and is purified by silica gel chromatography using 20% ethylacetate in hexane as the eluent gave 303.0 mg (1.21 mmol, 98%) of thedesired product as a to bright yellow solid.

Step 2:

In a manner similar to that described in Example 1 (Steps 2 and 3) 255.1mg (60%) of the desired product as a mixture isomers is obtained. ¹H NMR(400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 11.9, 11.75, 11.6, 11.5, 11.35, 11.3, 7.96, 7.89,7.83, 7.05, 6.9, 4.28-3.11, 3.16, 2.89, 1.17, 0.95.

Example 262,3,4,4a-Tetrahydro-1′,3,3′-trimethylspiro[1H-pyrazino[1,2-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione

In a manner similar to that described in Example 1, except starting with2-fluorobenzaldehyde, 1-methylpiperazine and 1,3-dimethylbarbituricacid, 190 mg (55%) of the title compound is obtained. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl₃) δ 7.19, 7.04, 6.95, 6.80, 3.98, 3.62, 3.55, 3.39, 3.32, 3.10,3.04, 2.82, 2.57, 2.23, 2.21, 1.86.

Example 272,3,4,4a-Tetrahydro-3-methylspiro[1H-pyrazino[1,2a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′1′(1′H,3′H)-trione

In a manner similar to that described in Example 1, except starting with2-fluorobenzaldehyde and 1-methylpiperazine, 278 mg (89%) of the titlecompound is obtained. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 11.46, 11.28, 7.03,6.95, 6.89, 6.66, 3.91, 3.30, 3.17, 3.11, 2.80, 2.75, 2.59, 2.16, 1.98,1.78.

Example 28 1,1-Dimethylethyl1,1′2,3′,4′,4a,6′-octahydro-8-nitro-2′,4′,6′-trioxospiro[3H-pyrazino[1,2-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-3-carboxylate

In a manner similar to that described in Example 1, except starting with1-Boc-piperazine, 1.37 g (63%) of the title compound is obtained. ¹H NMR(400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 11.59, 11.41, 7.95, 7.90, 7.01, 4.12, 3.85, 3.80,3.41, 3.17, 3.06, 3.01, 2.88, 1.40

Example 291,1-Dimethylethyl-8-cyano-1,1′,2,3′,4,4′,4a,6′-octahydro-2′,4′,6′-trioxospiro[3H-pyrazino[1,2-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-3-carboxylate

In a manner similar to that described in Example 1, except starting5-cyano-2-fluorobenzaldehyde and 1-Boc-piperazine, 3.59 g (83%) of1,1-dimethylethyl-8-cyano-1,1′,2,3′,4,4′,4a,6′-octahydro-2′,4′,6′-trioxospiro[3H-pyrazino[1,2-a]quinoline-5(6M),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-3-carboxylateis obtained. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 11.45, 11.38, 7.45, 7.40, 6.99,4.05, 3.80, 3.73, 3.70, 3.27, 3.18, 3.10, 2.95, 2.78, 1.39

Example 30rel-(2′R,4′S,4′aR)-1,1′,2′3′4′4′a-Hexahydro-2′,4′-dimethyl-1,3-dioxospiro[2H-indene-2,5′(6′H)-[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline]-8-carbonitrile

In a manner similar to that described in Example 1, except starting with5-cyano-2-fluorobenzaldehyde and indanedione, 112 mg (30%) of the titlecompound is obtained. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.03, 7.93, 7.53,7.34, 6.91, 4.32, 4.26, 3.93, 3.65, 3.30, 3.13, 2.97, 1.09, 0.82

Example 31rel-(2R,4S,4aR)-1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl[1,4]oxazino[4,a]quinoline-5,5,8(6H)-tricarbonitrile

In a manner similar to that described in Example 1, except starting with5-cyano-2-fluorobenzaldehyde and malononitrile, 93 mg (32%) of the titlecompound is obtained. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.52, 7.40, 6.97, 4.39,4.15, 3.69, 3.66, 3.59, 3.53, 3.49, 3.40, 3.37, 1.68, 1.29

Example 32rel-(2S,4R,4aS)-8-Bromo-1,2,4-4a-tetrhydro-2,4-dimethyl[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5,5(6H)-dicarbonitrile

In a manner similar to that described in Example 1, except starting with5-bromo-2-fluorobenzaldehyde and malononitrile, 1.26 g (54%) of thetitle compound is obtained. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 7.40, 3.37,7.11, 4.23, 3.98, 3.86, 3.81, 3.74, 3.55, 3.12, 1.54, 1.13

Example 332,3,4,4a-Tetrhydro-3-methyl-8-nitro-2′-thioxospiro[1H-pyrazino[1,2-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-dione)

In a manner similar to that described in Example 1, except using1-methylpiperazine and thiobarbituric acid, 840 mg (81%) of the titlecompound is obtained. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 12.61, 12.49, 7.94,7.88, 7.07, 4.18, 3.71, 3.40, 3.17, 3.11, 2.80, 2.65, 1.96, 1.78.In other embodiments, the compounds of formula I may be synthesized bythe scheme in Chart 10.

Example 34rel-(2R,4S,4aS)-9-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1,2,4,4a-tetryhydro-2,4-dimethylspiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3<]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione

A mixture9-bromo-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyspiro[[1,4]piperazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′ (2′ H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′ H,3′ H)-trione (0.245 mmol) [asprepared according to Example 10 (Steps 1-3) except using4-bromo-2-fluorobenzaldehyde as the starting aldehyde],4-chlorophenylboronic acid (0.27 mmol), sodium carbonate (0.61 mmol),tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0) (0.013 mmol) in THF (18 mL)and water (2 mL) is purged with nitrogen and is heated to reflux for 18h. The mixture is cooled to room temperature and diluted with ethylacetate (20 mL) and filtered. The filtrate is concentrated and theresulting a semi-solid residue is purified on silica gel using 20% ethylacetate in dichloromethane as the eluent to afford 15 mg (15%) of thedesired coupled product. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, Acetone-d₆) δ 1.10, 1.26,3.03, 3.1-3.3, 3.7-3.85, 3.9, 4.05, 6.85, 6.96, 7.4, 7.5, 8.8, 9.1.

Example 35 rel-(2R,4S,4aS)-1,4,4a-Tetrhydro-2,4-dimethyl-9-[4(trifluoromethyoxy)phenyl]spiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)pyrimidine]-2′4′6′(1′H,3′H)-trione

In a manner similar to that described for Example 34, 19 mg (17%) ofrel-(2R,4S,4aS)-1,2,4,4a-tetrhydro-2,4-dimethyl-9-[4-(trifluoromethyoxy)phenyl]spiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)pyrimidine]-2′4′6′(1′H,3′H)-trioneis obtained: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, Acetone-d₆) δ 1.07, 1.22, 2.99, 3.15,3.16, 3.6-3.8, 3.85, 4.29-4.34, 6.86, 6.88, 7.40, 7.76.

Example 36rel-(2R,4S,4a-1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-9-(methoxyphenyl)-2,4-dimethylspiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione

In a manner similar to that described for Example 34, 45 mg (45) ofrel-(2R,4R,4aS)-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-9-(methoxyphenyl)-2,4-dimethylspiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione is obtained. ¹H NMR (400MHz, CD₃OD) δ 0.93, 1.2, 2.9, 3.15, 3.7-3.80, 3.83, 6.8, 6.9, 6.95,7.53.

Example 37rel-2R,4S,4aS)-9-(3-Chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-1,2,4,4a,-tetrahydro-2,4-dimethylsprio[[(,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione

In a manner similar to that described for Example 34, 45 mg (40%) ofrel-(2R,4S,4aS)-9-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-1,2,4,4a,-tetrahydro-2,4-dimethylsprio[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′ (2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione is obtained. ¹H NMR (400MHz, CD₃OD) δ 0.96, 1.26, 2.92, 3.15, 3.7, 3.75-3.82, 4.15, 6.80, 6.97,7.3, 7.6, 7.7.

Example 38rel-(2R,4S,4aS)-1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-9-3-nitrophenyl)spiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)trione

In a manner similar to that described for Example 34, 49 mg (44%) ofrel-(2R,4S,4aS)-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-9-(3-nitrophenyl)spiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)trione is obtained. MS (EI) m/z 450(M⁺), 451, 450, 365, 364, 335, 319, 277, 225, 204, 165.

Example 39rel-4-[(2R,4S,4aS)-1,1′,2,3′,4,4′,4a,6′-Octahydro-2-4-dimethyl-2′,4′,6′-trioxospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5(2′H)-pyrimidin]-9-yl]benzonitrile

In a manner similar to that described for Example 34, 25 mg (24%) ofrel-4-[(2R,4S,4aS)-1,1′,2,3′,4,4′,4a,6′-octahydro-2-4-dimethyl-2′,4′,6′-trioxospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3a]quinoline-5(6H),5(2′H)-pyrimidin]-9-yl]benzonitrile is obtained. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD)δ 1.05, 1.25, 2.90, 3.15, 3.7-3.85, 4.15, 6.91, 7.03, 7.07, 7.80.

Example 40rel-(2R,4S,4aS)-1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-9-[4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]spiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H) pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione

In a manner similar to that described for Example 34, 33 mg (28%)rel-(2R,4S,4aS)-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-9-[4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]spiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′ H)trione is obtained. MS (EI) m/z483 (M⁺), 484, 483, 440, 398, 397, 368, 352, 312, 310, 204.

Example 41 rel-(2R,4S,4aS)-1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-9-(4pyridinyl)spiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6‘(’H,3′H)-trione

In a manner similar to that described for Example 34.12 mg (12%) ofrel-(2R,4S,4aS)-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-9-(4pyridinyl)spiro[[1.,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6‘(’H,3′H)-trione is obtained IR (diffusereflectance) 2984, 2837, 2705 (b), 2660 (b), 2649 (b), 2626 (b), 2611(b), 1748, 1722 (s), 1693 (s), 1601, 1408, 1358, 1350, 1214, cm⁻¹.

Example 42 rel-Methyl(2R,4S,4aS)-1,1′-2,3′,4,4a,6′Octahydro-2,4-dimethyl-2′,4′,6′-trioxospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-9-carboxylate

A mixture of9-bromo-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2,4-dimethylspiro[[1,4]piperazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′ (2′ H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′ H,3′ H)-trione [as prepared accordingto Example 10 (Steps 1-3) except using 4-bromo-2-fluorobenzaldehyde asthe starting aldehyde] (1.47 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (0.44 mmol), N,N,N-diisopropylethylamine (4.4 mmol),dimethylformamide (8 mL) and methanol (2 mL) is charged with carbonmonoxide (600 psi) in a steel bomb and heated to 100° C. for 72 h. Themixture is cooled to room temperature, and the bomb is evacuated. Themixture is diluted with methanol and filtered. The filtrate isconcentrated to give a residue, which is purified by silica gelchromatography using 20% ethyl acetate in CH₂Cl₂ as the eluent to give26 mg (6%) of the desired product. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, Acetone-d₆) δ 1.05,1.24, 3.0, 3.15, 3.45, 3.6, 3.7, 3.85, 4.15, 7.06, 7.27, 7.44.

Example 43 rel-Methyl(2R,4S,4aS)1,1′-2,3′,4,4a,6′-Octahydro-2,4-dimethyl-2′,4′,6′-trioxospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-carboxylate

In a manner similar to that described for Example 42, except startingwith8-bromo-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2,4-dimethylspiro[[1,4]piperazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′ (2′ H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′ H,3′ H)-trione (from Example 13), 110mg (16%) of the title compound is obtained.: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ1.05, 1.26, 3.05, 3.1, 3.2, 3.6-3.85, 3.86, 4.05, 6.95, 7.33, 7.7, 8.9,9.6.

Example 441,2,3,3′,4,4′,4a,6′-Octahydro-2′,4′,6′-trioxospiro[1H-pyrazino[1,2-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine-8-carbonitrile monohydrochloride

A suspension of 1,1-dimethylethyl 8-cyano1,1′,2,3′,4,4′,4a,6′-octahydro-2′,4′,6′-trioxospiro[3H-pyrazino[1,2-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-3-carboxylate, from Example 29, (2.48 g, 5.83 mmol)is stiffed in 4 N HCl in dioxane (23 mL) for 1 h. The system is thenpurged with N₂, and the resulting solid is isolated by filtration. Thewhite solid is triturated with dioxane and dried (20 Torr, 110° C.) toafford 1.77 g (84%) of the hydrochloride salt. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆)δ 11.52, 11.46, 9.31, 9.10, 7.52, 7.47, 7.07, 4.33, 4.14, 3.38, 3.31,3.27, 3.15, 3.04, 2.94, 2.78.

Example 452,3,4,4a-Tetrahydro-8-nitrospiro[1H-pyrazino[1,2-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione monohydrochloride

In a similar manner as described in Example 47, 996 mg (95%) of thetitle compound is obtained. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 11.59, 11.48,9.20, 9.03, 8.00, 7.95, 7.09, 4.41, 4.25, 3.52, 3.44, 3.29, 3.11, 3.01,2.86.

Example 46 Protocol for Preparing Various Cyclic Secondary AmineAnalogues Via Parallel Synthesis

Step 1:

An 8 mL screw-cap vial is charged 0.50 mmol of the desired aminefollowed by 0.7 mL (0.25 mmol) of a 0.35 M stock solution of theappropriate aldehyde in acetonitrile followed by 275 mg (2.0 mmol) ofsolid potassium carbonate. The vials are tightly capped and then heatedat 100° C. in a shaker block for 35 h. The cooled reactions are filteredinto 20 mL vials containing 780 mg of Dowex p-SO₃H resin (5.2 meq/gwashed and dried). The vials are shaken at RT for 30-45 min, and thenfiltered into pre-tared 20 mL vials. The resin is washed with 85% CH₃OHin H₂O (4×1.5 mL). The resin is then eluted into pre-tared 20 mL vialsusing 2N pyridine in methanol. Both the wash and elute vials areconcentrated on a Thermo Savant at 50° C. overnight. The vials areweighed and the vials containing the product are carried forward.

Step 2:

To the vials containing the product from Step 1, is added one equivalent(as determined by the mmols of the products from Step 1) of a 0.2 Mstock suspension of barbituric acid in n-butanol. An additional 1 mL ofn-butanol is added to each vial. The vials are tightly capped and heatedat 100° C. in a shaker block for 18 h. The cooled reaction mixtures arediluted with, approximately 4 mL of a 1:1 acetonitrile/methanolsolution. To each vial is added 1.5 g of Dowex SBR strongly basic resin(4.4 meq/g washed). The vials are shaken at RT for 2-3 h at RT andfiltered. The resin is washed with a small amount of 1:1acetonitrile/methanol solution. The resin is the eluted into pre-tared20 mL vials using 10% TFA in acetonitrile solution (5×2 mL). The vialsare concentrated on the Thermo Savant at RT overnight to give the finalproducts. The weights of the final products are determined. The purityand mass identification of the final products is determined by LC/MStechniques.

Example 47 Protocol for Preparing Various Analogues Using CommerciallyAvailable Benzaldehyde Derivatives and Cis-2,6-Dimethylmorpholine

Step 1:

An 8 mL screw-cap vial is charged 0.25 mmol of the desired aldehydefollowed by 1.4 mL (0.5 mmol) of a 0.35 M stock solution ofcis-2,6-dimethylmorpholine in acetonitrile followed by 275 mg (2.0 mmol)of solid potassium carbonate. The vials are tightly capped and thenheated at 100° C. in a shaker block for 35 h. The cooled reactions arefiltered into 20 mL vials containing 780 mg of Dowex p-SO₃H resin (5.2meq/g washed and dried). The vials are shaken at RT for 3045 min, andthen filtered into pre-tared 20 mL vials. The resin is washed with 85%CH₃OH in H₂O (4×1.5 mL). The resin is then eluted into pre-tared 20 mLvials using 2N pyridine in methanol. Both the wash and elute vials areconcentrated on a Thermo Savant at 50° C. overnight. The vials areweighed and the vials containing the product are carried forward.

Step 2:

To the vials containing the product from Step 1, is added one equivalent(as determined by the mmols of the products from Step 1) of a 0.2 Mstock suspension of barbituric acid in n-butanol. An additional 1 mL ofn-butanol is added to each vial. The vials are tightly capped and heatedat 100° C. in a shaker block for 18 h. The cooled reaction mixtures arediluted with approximately 4 mL of a 1:1 acetonitrile/methanol solution.To each vial is added 1.5 g of Dowex SBR strongly basic resin (4.4 meq/gwashed). The vials are shaken at RT for 2-3 h at RT and filtered. Theresin is washed with a small amount of 1:1 acetonitrile/methanolsolution. The resin is the eluted into pre-tared 20 mL vials using 10%TFA in acetonitrile solution (5×2 mL). The vials are concentrated on theThermo Savant at RT overnight to give the final products. The weights ofthe final products are determined. The purity and mass identification ofthe final products is determined by LC/MS techniques.

Commercially Available Benzaldehyde derivates include, but are notlimited to, 2-Fluorobenzaldehyde; 2,3,4,5,6-Pentafluorobenzaldehyde;2-Chloro-6-fluoro benzaldehyde; 2-Fluoro-6-chlorobenzaldehyde;2,3-Difluorobenzaldehyde; 2,6-Difluorobenzaldehyde;2,4-Difluorobenzaldehyde; 2,5-Difluorobenzaldehyde;2-Fluoro-5-nitrobenzaldehyde;3-Cyano-4-dimethylamino-2-fluorobenzaldehyde;6-(Dimethylamino)-2-fluoro-3-formylbenzonitrile;2-Fluoro-4,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde; 3,4-Dimethoxy-6-fluoro-benzaldehyde;2,3,6-Trifluorobenzaldehyde; 2,4,5-Trifluorobenzaldehyde;2,4,6-Trifluorobenzaldehyde; 2,3,4-Trifluorobenzaldehyde;2-Fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde;2-Fluoro-6-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde;2-Fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde;2-Fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde; 2-Fluoro-5-bromobenzaldehyde;5-Bromo-2-fluorobenzaldehyde; 2-Fluoro-5-methoxybenzaldehyde;6-Fluoro-m-anisaldehyde; 2,3,5-Trifluorobenzaldehyde;2-Fluoro-4-bromo-benzaldehyde; 1 Bromo-2-fluoro benzaldehyde;2-Fluoro-4-chlorobenzaldehyde; 4-Chloro-2-fluoro-benzaldehyde;2,3,5,6-Tetrafluorobenzaldehyde;2,3-Difluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde;2-Fluoro-4-methoxy-benzaldehyde; 2-Fluoro-p-anisaldehyde;4-Methoxy-2-fluorobenzaldehyde; 2-Fluorovanillin;2-Fluoro-6-hydroxybenzaldehyde; 2-Fluoro-6-methoxybenzaldehyde;3-Chloro-2,6-difluorobenzaldehyde; 2,6-Difluoro-3-methylbenzaldehyde;3-Chloro-2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde;2-Chloro-6-fluoro-3-methylbenzaldehyde;6-Chloro-2-fluoro-3-methylbenzaldehyde;2-Chloro-3,6-difluorobenzaldehyde;3-Chloro-2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde;3-Chloro-2-fluorobenzaldehyde; 2,3-Difluoro-4-methylbenzaldehyde;3-Fluoro-4-formylbenzeneboronic acid; 2-Fluoro-5-methylbenzaldehyde;2,3-Difluoro-methoxybenzaldehyde;3-Chloro-6-fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde;3-Fluoro-4-biphenylcarboxaldehyde; 2,3,4,5-Tetrafluorobenzaldehyde;2-Fluoro-5-iodobenzaldehyde; 2,4-Dibromo-6-fluorobenzaldehyde;3,5-Dibromo-2-fluorobenzaldehyde: 2-Fluoro-4-methylbenzaldehyde;4-Bromo-2,6-difluorobenzaldehyde; 4-Chloro-2,6-difluorobenzaldehyde;4-Bromo-2,3,6-trifluorobenzaldehyde;4-Chloro-2,3,6-trifluorobenzaldehyde; 5-Chloro-2-fluorobenzaldehyde.

Example 48rel-(2R,4S,4aS)-2,4-diethyl-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-8-nitrospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H, 3′H)-trione

Step 1: Preparation of 4-Benzyl-is-2,6-diethylmorpholine

(DL+meso)-N-benzyl-1,1′-iminobis-2-butanol (18.8 g, 74.6 mmol),described in J. Heterocycl. Chem; 20; 1983; 1681-1685, is cooled to 0°C. and treated with 70% H₂SO₄ (5 eq w/w) with stirring. The mixture issealed in a glass pressure tube and heated to 160° C. for four days. Themixture is basified with 6.0M NaOH until the solution is basic and isextracted with MTBE (200 mL). The ethereal layer is washed with waterand brine. The organic layer is dried over Na₂SO₄ and filtered, and thesolvent is removed by rotary evaporation. The product is purified on aBiotage Flash 75L+ using 7% MTBE in heptane as eluent. The productcontaining fractions are pooled and the solvent is removed by rotaryevaporation. The product is dried under vacuum yielding a golden oil.

Step 2: Preparation of2-(cis-2,6-Diethylmorpholin-4-yl)-5-nitrobenzaldehyde

1-Chloroethyl chloroformate (2.18 mL, 20 mmol, Aldrich) is added to asolution of 4-benzyl-cis-2,6-dimethylmorpholine in CH₂Cl₂ (45 mL) withstirring in an ice bath. The solution is allowed to warm to roomtemperature and stirred for 21 hours. The solvent is removed by rotaryevaporation and the residue is dissolved in methanol (25 mL). Thissolution was heated to reflux for 3 hours and the methanol is removed byrotary evaporation. The product is dissolved in CH₃CN (40 mL) andtreated with N,N-diisopropylethylamine (2.0 mL, 11.5 mmol, Aldrich).K₂CO₃ (1.5 g, 11 mmol, Mallinkrodt) and 2-fluoro-5-nitrobenzaldehyde(1.9 g, 1.13 mmol, Oakwood) is added and the mixture is heated at 60° C.for 21 hours. N,N,N′-trimethylethylenediamine (0.4 mL) is added and thereaction is stirred an additional 45 minutes @ 60° C. The mixture isfiltered and the solvent is removed by rotary evaporation. The residueis taken up in CH₂Cl₂ (200 mL) and washed 2× with 1.0 M HCl, 1× withsaturated NaHCO₃ and 1× with brine (150 mL each). The organic layer isdried over Na₂SO₄ and filtered. The solvent is removed by rotaryevaporation and the product is purified on a Biotage Flash 40M+ using a15% EtOAc in heptane as eluent. The product containing fractions arepooled and the solvent is removed by rotary evaporation. The product isdried under vacuum yielding a yellow solid.

Step 3:

2-(cis-2,6-Diethylmorpholin-4-yl)-5-nitrobenzaldehyde (1.58 g, 5.39mmol) is combined with barbituric acid (767 mg, 5.39 mmol, Aldrich) in aflask with MeOH (17 mL). The sealed reaction is stirred with heating at80° C. overnight. The solvent is removed by rotary evaporation and theproduct is purified on a Biotage Flash 40M+ using a 10% MTBE in CH₂Cl₂as eluent. The product is dried under vacuum and re-crystallized fromCH₃OH/heptane. The large crystals are crushed and dried under vacuum @100° C. yielding 1.04 g (48%) of bright yellow crystalline solid. ¹H NMR(400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 0.86, 0.97, 1.08, 1.24, 1.45, 1.58, 2.84, 3.03,3.34, 3.60, 3.97, 4.26, 7.01, 7.84, 7.98, 11.56, 11.87.

Example 49rel-(2R,4R,4aR)-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-4-methyl-8-nitro-2-(trifluoromethyl)spiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione

Step 1: Preparation of 3-Benzylamino)-1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-ol

Lithium triflate was suspended in CH₃CN (15 mL) and the mixture iscooled to −10° C. 2-(Trifluoromethyl)oxirane is added and the suspensionis allowed to warm to RT with stirring. Benzylamine (6.33 mL, 58 mmol,Aldrich) is added all-at-once and the resultant solution is stirred for25 minutes. The reaction is quenched by pouring into CH₂Cl₂ (200 mL) andwashing 3× with H₂O (200 mL). The organic layer is dried over Na₂SO₄ andfiltered. The product is purified on a Biotage Flash 75L using 20:70:10CH₂Cl₂:pentane:triethylamine as eluent. The product containing fractionsare pooled and the solvent is removed by rotary evaporation. The productis dried under vacuum at 100° C. yielding a white crystalline solid.

Step 2: Preparation of4-Benzyl-2-methyl-6-trifluoromethyl)morpholin-3-one

A solution of 3-(Benzylamino)-1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-ol (2.68 g, 12.3mmol) and triethylamine (1.7 mL, 12.2 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ is cooled to 0° C.The solution is treated drop wise with 2-bromopropanoyl chloride (1.2mL, 12 mmol, Aldrich) and stirred for 5 minutes. The solution is dilutedto 100 mL with CH₂Cl₂ and washed sequentially with 1.0M HCl, saturatedNaHCO₃, and brine (100 mL each). The organic layer is dried over Na₂SO₄and filtered. The solvent is removed by rotary evaporation yielding(N-benzyl-2-bromo-N-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxypropyl)propanamide as agolden oil. Dry NaH is suspended in dry, inhibitor free THF (25 ml) in aflame dried flask and the mixture is cooled to 0° C. with stirring on anice bath. TheN-benzyl-2-bromo-N-(3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxypropyl)propanamide (4.25 g,12 mmol) is added as a solution in dry, inhibitor free THF (25 ml) andthe resultant suspension is warmed to RT. After stirring for one hourthe reaction is quenched with MeOH over an ice bath until no more gasevolved and the mixture is poured into 1.0M HCl (200 mL). The aqueousmixture is extracted into MTBE (200 mL) and the organic layer is washedwith saturated NaHCO₃ and brine (200 mL each). The organic layer isdried over Na₂SO₄ and filtered, and the solvent is removed by rotaryevaporation yielding an amber oil.

Step 3: Preparation of4-Benzyl-cis-2-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)morpholine

Dry LiAlH₄ (797 mg, 21 mmol, Aldrich) is suspended in dry, inhibitorfree THF (15 ml) and treated with a solution of4-benzyl-2-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)morpholin-3-one (2.73 g, 10 mmol)in dry, inhibitor free THF (15 ml). The mixture is heated to 60° C. withstirring for 30 minutes. The mixture is diluted with MTBE (25 mL) andquenched sequentially with H₂O (0.8 mL), 6.0M NaOH (0.8 mL) and H₂O (2.4mL). The white slurry is filtered and the inorganic salts were washedwith MTBE (200 mL). The solvent is removed by rotary evaporation and theproduct is purified in 3 portions on Biotage Flash 40M+ cartridges usinga 10 minute linear gradient of 3%-10% MTBE in heptane. The products arecombined and dried under high vacuum yielding a colorless oil.

Step 4: Preparation of2-[cis-2-Methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)morpholin-4-yl]-5-nitrobenzaldehyde

1-Chloroethyl chloroformate (292 μL, 2.68 mmol, Aldrich) is added to asolution of 4-benzyl-cis-2-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)morpholine (324 mg,1.25 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (6 mL) with stirring in an ice bath. The solutionis allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 16 hours. Thesolvent is removed by rotary evaporation and the residue is dissolved inmethanol (6 mL). This solution is heated to reflux for 4 hours and themethanol is removed by rotary evaporation. The residue is dissolved inCH₃CN (5 mL) and treated with N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.261 mL, 1.5mmol, Aldrich). K₂CO₃ (190 mg, 1.37 mmol, Mallinkrodt) and2-fluoro-5-nitrobenzaldehyde (254 mg, 1.5 mmol, Oakwood) are added andthe mixture is heated at 60° C. for 36 hours.N,N,N′-trimethylethylenediamine (2.3 mL) is added and the reaction isstirred an additional 2 hours @ 60° C. The mixture is filtered and thesolvent is removed by rotary evaporation. The residue is taken up inEtOAc (100 mL) and washed 2× with 1.0 M HCl, 1× with saturated NaHCO₃and 1× with brine (75 mL each). The organic layer is dried over Na₂SO₄and filtered. The solvent is removed by rotary evaporation and theproduct is purified on a Biotage Flash 25M+ using 20% EtOAc in heptaneas eluent. The product containing fractions are pooled and the solventis removed by rotary evaporation. The product is dried under vacuum at100° C. yielding a yellow solid.

Step 5:

2-[cis-2-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)morpholin-4-yl]-5-nitrobenzaldehyde(212 mg, 0.67 mol) is combined with barbituric acid (95 mg, 0.67 mmol,Aldrich) in a vial with MeOH (3 mL). The sealed reaction is heated to80° C. on a shaker block for 21 hours and then the solvent is removed byrotary evaporation. The product is purified on a Biotage Flash 25M+using a 26 minute linear gradient of 2.5%-10% MTBE in CH₂Cl₂ eluent. Theproduct is dried under vacuum yielding a yellow-orange solid. ¹H NMR(400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 1.01, 2.93, 3.46, 3.66, 3.73, 4.04, 4.40, 4.48,7.10, 7.88, 8.01, 11.63, 11.94.

Example 50rel-(2R,4S,4aS)-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-4-methyl-8-nitro-2-propylspiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione

Step 1: Preparation of2-(cis-2-Methyl-6propylmorpholin-4-yl)-5-nitrobenzaldehyde

A mixture of cis-2-allyl-4-benzyl-6-methylmorpholine (520 m, 2.25 mmol),trifluoroacetic acid (0.5 mL, Aldrich) and 5% palladium on carbon (54mg, 10% w/w, Aldrich) is sealed in a Parr bottle under 40 PSI of H₂, andis shaken for 17 hours. The mixture is filtered and the solvent removedby rotary evaporation yielding cis-2-methyl-6-propylmorpholinetrifluoroacetate as a light golden oil. The oil is taken up in CH₃CN (8mL) and treated with N,N-diisopropylethylamine (1.2 mL, 6.9 mmol,Aldrich). 2-Fluoro-5-nitrobenzaldehyde (419 mg, 2.48 mmol, Oakwood) isadded and the mixture is shaken at 60° C. for 21 hours.N,N,N′-trimethylethylenediamine (1.0 mL) is added and the reaction isshaken for an additional 30 minutes @ 60° C. after which the solvent isremoved by rotary evaporation. The residue is taken up in EtOAc (100 mL)and washed with 1.0 M HCl, saturated NaHCO₃ and brine (100 mL each). Theorganic layer is dried over Na₂SO₄ and filtered. The solvent is removedby rotary evaporation and the product is purified on a Biotage Flash40M+ using 20% EtOAc in heptane as eluent. The product containingfractions are pooled and the solvent is removed by rotary evaporation.The product is dried under vacuum at 60° C. yielding a yellow oil.

Step 2

2-(cis-2-methyl-6-propylmorpholin-4-yl)-5-nitrobenzaldehyde (446 mg,1.53 mol) is combined with barbituric acid (217 mg, 1.53 mmol, Aldrich)in a vial with MeOH (6 mL). The sealed reaction is heated to 80° C. on ashaker block for 19 hours and then the solvent is removed by rotaryevaporation. The product is purified 2× on a Biotage Flash 75M using 10%MTBE in CH₂Cl₂ eluent. The product is dried under vacuum at 100° C.yielding a yellow-orange solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, ACETONITRILE-D3) δ ppm0.95, 1.00, 1.47, 3.04, 3.34, 3.56, 3.95, 4.14, 6.85, 7.77, 8.02, 9.19.

Example 51(2S,4S,4aS)-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-8-nitrospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione

Step 1: Preparation of (2S,6S)-4-benzyl-2,6-dimethylmorpholine

(2S,6S)-4-benzoyl-2,6-dimethylmorpholine (759 mg, 3.46 mmol) isdissolved in anhydrous THF (40 mL) and treated with LiAlH₄ (11.0M inTHF, 6.9 mL, Aldrich). The mixture is stirred with heating at 55° C. for18 hours. An additional equivalent of LiAlH₄ is added and the mixture isstirred with heating at 55° C. for an additional 6 hours. The reactionis quenched by adding water (0.4 mL) followed by 6.0M NaOH (0.4 mL)followed by water (1.2 mL). The white slurry is diluted with Et₂O andfiltered. The inorganic salts are washed with and additional portion ofEt₂O and the combined ethereal washes are dried over Na₂SO₄. The productis purified on a Biotage Flash 40M+ using a 15% Et₂O in pentane aseluent. The product containing fractions are pooled and the solvent isremoved by rotary evaporation. The product is dried under vacuumyielding a colorless oil.

Step 2: Preparation of2-[(2S,6S)-2,6-Dimethylmorpholin-4-yl]-5-nitrobenzaldehyde

1-Chloroethyl chloroformate (292 μL, 2.68 mmol, Aldrich) is added to asolution of (2S,6S)-4-benzyl-2,6-dimethylmorpholine (in CH₂Cl₂ (6 mL)with stirring in an ice bath. The solution is allowed to warm to roomtemperature and stirred for 2.5 hours. The solvent is removed by rotaryevaporation and the residue is dissolved in methanol (6 mL). Thissolution is heated to reflux for 2.5 hours and the methanol is removedby rotary evaporation. The residue is dissolved in CH₃CN (5 mL) andtreated with NAN-diisopropylethylamine (244 μL, 1.4 mmol, Aldrich).K₂CO₃ (190 mg, 1.37 mmol, Mallinkrodt) and 2-fluoro-5-nitrobenzaldehyde(230 mg, 1.36 mmol, Oakwood) are added and the mixture is heated at 60°C. for 21 hours. The mixture is filtered and the solvent is removed byrotary evaporation. The residue is dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (100 mL) andwashed sequentially with water (75 mL) and brine (75 mL). The organiclayer is purified on a Biotage Flash 25M+ using a 40% EtOAc in heptaneas eluent. The product containing fractions are pooled and the solventis removed by rotary evaporation. The product is dried under vacuumyielding a yellow syrup.

Step 3

2-[(2S,6S)-2,6-Dimethylmorpholin-4-yl]-5-nitrobenzaldehyde (298 mg, 1.12mmol) is combined with barbituric acid (159 mg, 1.12 mmol, Aldrich) in avial with MeOH (2 mL). The sealed reaction is heated to 60° C. on ashaker block for 21 hours and then the solvent is evaporated. Theproduct is purified on a Biotage Flash 40M+ using a 1:1 mixture of EtOAcand toluene as eluent Product is dried under vacuum yielding ayellow-orange solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 0.91, 1.24, 2.91,3.56, 3.63, 3.83-3.91, 3.95, 4.07, 4,14-4.24, 6.85, 7.83, 7.98, 11.59,11.89.

Example 52rel-(2R,4S,4aS)-acetyl-10-fluoro-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2,4-dimethylspiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione

Step 1:

Step: 2

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 11.9, 11.5, 7.55, 7.43, 4.00, 3.89, 3.75,3.63, 3.54, 3.03, 2.93, 2.42, 1.11, 0.90.

Example 53rel-(2R,4S,4aS)-8-acetyl-9,10-difluoro-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2,4-dimethylspiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione Step 1:

Step 2:

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 11.9, 11.5, 7.28, 4.10, 3.89, 3.74, 3.64,3.56, 3.07, 2.85, 2.46, 1.12, 0.90.

Example 54rel-(2R,4S,4aS)-10-fluoro-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-8-nitrospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione

Step 1:

Nitric acid (2.8 ml) is slowly added dropwise to a solution of the 2,3difluoro-benzaldehyde (2.0 g, Aldrich) in concentrated H₂SO₄ (14 ml)while cooling at 0° C. The resulting mixture is warned to roomtemperature stirred for about 3 hours. The reaction is basified withsat'd NaHCO₃ and extracted with MTBE (2×), washed with brine, driedthrough Na₂SO₄, and concentrated by rotovap to produce a brownish redoil. The resulting oil is purified on a 90 g Biotage cartridge.

Step 2:

The nitro-difluoro-benzaldehyde (0.94 g) is dissolved in CH₃CN (10 ml)and Et₃N (1.23 ml). The cis d-methyl-morpholine (0.78 ml) is added andthe resulting mixture is refluxed for about 12 hours, cooled to roomtemperature and then to 0° C. for about 3 hours. The resulting mixtureis filtered and the solids are rinsed with cold IPA and then dried at100° C.

Step 3:

The fluoro-nitro aldehyde (0.5 g) and barbituric acid (0.243 g) aredissolved in IPA (8 ml) and refluxed for about 12 hours. The resultingmixture is cooled and stored at 0° C. for about 2 hours. The mixture isfiltered and the solids are rinsed with cold IPA and dried at 90° C. for2 days. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.93, 7.78, 4.15, 3.97, 3.68, 3.10,2.93, 1.13, 0.91.

Example 55 Oxadiazolyl Derivatives

Compounds Synthesized According to Scheme 1:

IR (diffuse reflectance) 1750, 1724, 1708, 1617, 1596, 1487, 1451, 1409,1374, 1346, 1335, 1196, 826, 788, 754 cm⁻¹. MS (EI) m/z (rel intensity)411 (M⁺,99), 412 (21), 411 (99), 326 (46), 296 (23), 284 (20), 283 (51),280 (28), 240 (25), 239 (20), 238 (22). HRMS (ESI) calcd for C₂H₂₁N₅O+H₁412.1621; found 412.1631.

Example 56rel-(2R,4S,4aS)-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-8-(3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)spiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione (R═CH₃ in scheme 55.2) Step1:

Following a procedure reported in Syn Comm 23 (22) 3149-3155 (1993),urea hydrogen peroxide (UHP, 3.76 g, 0.04 mol) is added to a solution ofnitrile (2.88 g. 0.01 mol), potassium carbonate (0.14 g, 0.001 mol) inacetone (˜10 mL) and water (˜10 mL). The yellow solution is stirredovernight at room temperature. The mixture is concentrated in vacuum toremove organic solvent and the white mixture is diluted with ˜10 mLwater. The mixture is stirred at room temperature for 1 h beforefiltration. The solid product is washed with water and vacuum dried at60° C. overnight to give the desired amide product.

Step 2:

A mixture of amide acetal from step 1 (0.85 g, 2.77 mmol) andN,N-dimethylacetamide dimethylacetal (˜3 mL) is heated to 120° C. for1.5 h. The dark solution is cooled to room temperature and concentratedin vacuum at 70° C. to give 1.33 g of dark liquid which then is treatedwith a solution of aqueous 50% hydroxylamine (0.24 m, 3.3 mmol) at roomtemperature for 30 minutes. The mixture is diluted with aqueous 10%sodium bicarbonate solution and dichloromethane. The phases areseparated and the organic phase is concentrated in vacuum and to give abrown oily product.

Step 3:

A solution of crude oxadiazole acetal from step 2, aqueous 2 N HCl (15mL) and THF (15 mL) is heated to reflux for 30 minutes. The cooledsolution is concentrated in vacuum to remove organic solvents. Theaqueous phase is diluted with dichloromethane and aqueous sodiumbicarbonate and the phases are separated. The organic phase is washedwith water, dried (Na₂SO₄), concentrated in vacuum, and chromatographedon silica gel (20 mL), eluted with 20% ethyl acetate/dichloromethane togive an orange-yellow solid.

Step 4:

A mixture of the aldehyde from step 3, (0.545 g, 1.81 mmol) andbarbituric acid (0.234 g, 1.82 mmol) in methanol (˜8 mL) is slowlyheated to reflux under nitrogen for 18 h. The solution is cooled to roomtemperature and concentrated to give a yellow slurry mixture which issuspended in ether/hexane mixture. After cooling in an ice bath for 15min, the mixture is filtered and the yellow solid is washed with etherto give the title compound. IR (diffuse reflectance) 3212, 1757, 1727,1709, 1705, 1614,1498,1429, 1397,1392,1348,1338, 1286,1248,755 cm⁻¹. MS(CI) m/z (rel intensity) 412 (MH⁺,99), 414 (6), 413 (28), 412 (99), 411(4), 410 (3), 116 (3), 114(17), 98(3), 96 (10), 59 (4). HRMS (ES) calcdfor C₂₀H₂₁N₅O₅+H₁ 412.1621; found 412.1630.

Example 57 Triazolyl Derivatives

Scheme 57.1 below illustrates an exemplary methodology for producingtriazole derivatives.

Example 58 Nitrogen-Coupled Amine/Het¹ Derivatives

Scheme 58.1 below illustrates an exemplary methodology for producingamine/het¹ derivatives

Example 59

A solution of the bromo compound (5.0 g, 12.25 mmol) and tetramethylethylenediamine (6.0 ml, 4.62 g, 39.83 mmol) in dry THF (75 ml) iscooled in an ice bath under nitrogen. A 3M solution of MeMgBr in ether(10.0 ml, 30.0 mmol) is added and the mixture stirred for 15 min. Thereaction is then cooled to −78° and a 1.7M solution of t-BuLi in pentane(25.0ml, 42.5 mmol) is added. The reaction is monitored by hplc tofollow the disappearance of the bromo derivative. Additional t-BuLi (7.0ml, 11.9 mmol) is added after 1 hr. After 30 min dry DMF (10.0 ml, 9.44g, 129.3 mmol) is added and the cooling bath removed and the reactionallowed to warm to ambient temp. Methanol (10 ml) is added and thesolvent evaporated. The residual red gel/gum is partitioned betweenethyl acetate (200 ml) and water (150 ml). The pH is adjusted to 45 withconc. HCl and the aqueous extracted further with ethyl acetate (2×250ml). The organic extract is washed with water (2×150 ml), brine (100ml), dried (MgSO4), filtered and evaporated to give an orange foam.Dissolution in ethyl acetate (25 ml) and filtration through silica gel(90g) with ethyl acetate gives the aldehyde as an amber solid. ¹H NMR(400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 0.93, 1.16, 2.87, 2.97, 3.48, 3.53, 3.61, 3.86,4.26, 4.26, 7.03, 7.40, 7.61, 9.62, 11.48, 11.83.

Example 60 rel-(2R,4S,4aS)-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-8-acetylspiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione

Step 1: 2-(5-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dioxolane

5-Bromo-2-fluorobenzaldehyde (14.6 mL, 0.123 mol, Avocado) is combinedwith 4 methylbenzenesulfonic acid hydrate (2.34 g, 12.0 mmol, Aldrich),ethylene glycol (13.7 mL, 0.25 mol, Mallinkrodt) and toluene (75 mL).The mixture is heated to reflux overnight. The resulting solution isdiluted into EtOAc (100 mL) and washed 2× with saturated NaHCO₃. 1× withwater and 1× with brine (170 mL ea). The organic layer is dried overNa₂SO₄ and filtered. The solvent is removed by rotary evaporation andthe product is purified on a Biotage Flash 75L (800 g silica) cartridgeusing 96:3:1 heptane:EtOAc:TEA as eluent.

Step 2: 5-Acetyl-2-fluorobenzaldehyde

2-(5-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dioxolane (5.2 g, 21.2 mmol) is taken upin dry, preservative-free THF (30 mL) and the solution is cooled to −40°C. under N₂. A 1.6 M solution of n-butyllithium in hexanes (13.2 mL, 1eq) is added via syringe and the solution is stirred for 25 minutes@-40° C. The lithiated substrate is added dropwise via cannula to a −40°C. solution of N-methoxy-N-methylacetamide (2.36 mL, 22.2 mmol, Aldrich)in 10 mL of dry, preservative-free THF. The solution is warmed to RTwith stirring for 1 hour. The solution is poured into a flask containing1.0M HCl (100 mL) and heated to 65° C. with vigorous stirring overnight.Upon cooling the oily product is extracted into EtOAc (200 mL) and theorganic layer is washed with water and brine (200 mL each). The organiclayer is dried over Na₂SO₄ and filtered. The solvent is removed byrotary evaporation and the product is purified on a Biotage Flash 75L(800 g silica) cartridge using 30% MTBE in heptane as eluent. Theproduct containing fractions are pooled and the solvent is removed byrotary evaporation. The product is dried under vacuum yielding an oilyyellow solid.

Step 3

The aldehyde from step 2 is combined with cis-2,6-dimethylmorpholine(1.18 mL, 9.75 mmol, TCI-US), K₂CO₃ (2.15 g, 2.5 eq, Mallinkrodt) andCH₃CN (12 mL) in a flask and the heterogenous mixture is heated to 80°C. overnight with vigorous stirring. After filtration the solvent isremoved by rotary evaporation. The orange oil is taken up in EtOAc (200mL) and washed 2× with water and 1× with brine (175 mL each). Theorganic layer is dried over Na₂SO₄ and filtered. The solvent is removedby rotary evaporation and the product is purified on a Biotage Flash 75L(800 g silica) cartridge using 30% MTBE in heptane as eluent. Theproduct containing fractions are pooled and the solvent is removed byrotary evaporation yielding5-acetyl-2-cis-(2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl)benzaldehyde as anorange-yellow oil. The aldehyde is taken up in CH₃OH (10 mL) andcombined with barbituric acid (719 mg, 5.61 mmol, Aldrich) in a sealedvial. The reaction is heated to 80° C. on a shaker block for 3.5 hours.The vial is cooled in the freezer to precipitate out a mustard yellowsolid. The solid is filtered and washed with CH₃OH. The solid was usedas is for chiral resolution. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 0.91, 1.14,2.38, 2.88, 3.42, 3.51, 3.59, 3.81, 4.20, 6.91, 7.50, 7.69, 11.47,11.79.

Example 61

Additional compounds of the invention may be produced via themethodology described herein as well as methods known in the art.Examples of additional compounds of the invention include, but are notlimited to, those compounds shown below.

In vitro DNA Gyrase Assay

DNA gyrase is a bacterial topoisomerase that introduces negativesupercoils into DNA. The DNA gyrase assay measures the degree ofenzymatic activity by quantitating relative amounts of relaxed vs.supercoiled DNA on an EtBr-stained 0.8% agarose gel. The substrate isrelaxed pBR322. The enzyme is E. coli DNA gyrase which is purified fromstrains overexpressing each of the subunits individually (there are two:A and B and the holoenzyme consists of the heterodimer A₂B₂). See forexample, Hallett et al. Cloning of the DNA gyrase genes under tacpromoter control: overproduction of the gyrase A and B proteins. Gene93: 139-142 (1990); Simon et al. Biochemical complementation studies invitro of gyrase subunits from different species. FEBS Lett 373:88-92(1995); and O'Dea et al. Mutations in the B subunit of Escherichia coliDNA gyrase that affect ATP-dependent reactions. J. Biol Chem 1996271:9723-9 (1996).

In the below chart, racemic mixtures are denoted with (±)− andenantiomerically enriched samples are denoted by (−)− or (+)−.

Prepared per Example Gyrase No. Structure IC50 (μM) 1

11.79 1

18.96 1

6.1 2

45.59 3

23.96 3

46.65 4

70.2 6

13.75 18

8.4 25

18.2 25

32

43

24

1. A compound of formula I, including enantiomeric, diastereomeric, ortautomeric isomers thereof, or any pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof;

wherein, R¹ is (a) R¹² (b) C(═O)R⁶, or (c) CN; R² is (a) R¹² (b)C(═O)R⁷, (c) CN, (d) —CH₂—R⁷, (e) —NR¹⁷R⁷, (f) —CH₂COR⁷, (g)—CH₂CH₂COR⁷; Each R³ is independently (a) H, (b) R¹², (c) Oxo, (d) C₁₋₇alkyl which is optionally partially unsaturated and is optionallysubstituted by one or more R¹¹, (e) C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl which is optionallypartially unsaturated and is optionally substituted by one or more R¹¹,(f) aryl optionally substituted by one or more R⁸, (g) heteroaryloptionally substituted by one or more R⁸, or (h) halo; Each R⁴ isindependently (a) H, (b) halo, (c) OR¹², (d) OC(═O)NR⁹R¹⁰, (e) SR¹²,S(O)_(m)R¹³, (g) NR⁹R¹⁰, (h) NR⁹S(O)_(m)R¹³ (i) NR⁹C(═O)OR¹³, (j) phenyloptionally substituted by one or more R⁸, (k) heteroaryl optionallysubstituted by one or more R⁸, (l) cyano, (m) nitro, (n) CONR⁹R¹⁰, (o)COR¹², (p) C(═O)R¹³, (q) C(═NOR¹²)R¹³, (r) S(O)_(m)NR⁹R¹⁰, (s)NR⁹C(═O)—R¹², (t) C₁₋₇alkyl which is optionally partially unsaturatedand is optionally substituted by one or more R¹¹, (u) C₃₋₈cycloalkylwhich is optionally partially unsaturated and is optionally substitutedby one or more R¹¹, (v) N₃, (w) het¹ optionally substituted by one ormore R⁸, or (x) C(O)O—C₁₋₄alkyl-R¹²; Each R⁵ is independently, (a) H,(b) C₁₋₇alkyl which is optionally partially unsaturated and isoptionally substituted by one or more R¹¹, (c) C₃₋₈cycloalkyl which isoptionally partially unsaturated and is optionally substituted by one ormore R¹¹, (d) aryl optionally substituted by one or more R⁸, or (e)heteroaryl optionally substituted by one or more R⁸; R⁶ and R⁷ areindependently; (a) OR¹², (b) NR⁹R¹⁰, (c) R¹³, or (e) R⁶ and R⁷ togetherwith the 2 carbons to which they are attached form cyclohexane-1,3-dioneoptionally substituted by one or more R¹³, cyclopentane-1,3dioneoptionally substituted by one or more R¹³, R⁶ and R⁷ together form—N(R¹⁷)S(O)_(m)—N(R¹⁷), N(R¹⁷)C(O)—N(R¹⁷), —N(R¹⁷)—C(S)—N(R¹⁷),—N(R¹⁷)—N(R¹⁷)—, —N(R¹⁷)—C(O)—, or —N(R¹⁷)—, or R⁶ and R⁷ together forma phenyl ring; R⁸ is (a) H, (b) halo, (c) OR¹², (d) OCF₃, (e) SR¹², (f)S(O)_(m)R¹³, (g) NR⁹R¹⁰, (h) NR⁹S(O)_(m)R¹³, (i) NR⁹C(═O)OR¹³, (j)phenyl optionally substituted by halo, cyano, C₁₋₇alkyl, or C₁₋₇alkoxy,in the alkyl portion of the C₁₋₇alkyl and C₁₋₇alkoxy is optionallysubstituted by one or more R¹¹; (k) heteroaryl optionally substituted byhalo, C₁₋₇alkyl, or C₁₋₇alkoxy, (l) cyano, (m) nitro, (n) CONR⁹R¹⁰, (o)CO₂R¹², (p) C(═O)R¹³, (q) C(═NOR¹²)R¹³, (r) S(O)_(m)NR⁹R¹⁰, (s)NR⁹C(═O)—R¹², (t) C₁₋₇alkyl which is optionally partially unsaturatedand is optionally substituted by one or more R¹¹, (u) C₃₋₈cycloalkylwhich is optionally partially unsaturated and is optionally substitutedby one or more R¹¹, (v) —C(O)H, or (w) -het¹; R⁹ and R¹⁰ areindependently (a) H, (b) OR¹² (c) aryl optionally substituted by one ormore R¹⁴, (d) heteroaryl optionally substituted by one or more R¹⁴, (e)C₁₋₇alkyl which is optionally substituted by one or more R¹¹, (f)C₃₋₈cycloalkyl which is optionally substituted by one or more R¹¹, (g)(C═O)R¹³, or (h) R⁹ and R¹⁰ together with the nitrogen to which they areattached form morpholine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, thiazine, piperazine,each of the morpholine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, thiazine, piperazinebeing optionally substituted with R¹¹; R¹¹) is (a) oxo, (b) phenyloptionally substituted by one or more R¹⁴, (c) OR¹², (d) SR¹², (e)NR¹²R¹², (f) halo, (g) CO₂R¹², (h) CONR¹²R¹², (i) C₁₋₇alkyl which isoptionally substituted oxo, halo, OR¹², SR¹², C₁₋₇alkyl, or NR¹²R¹²substituents, or (j) C₃₋₈cycloalkyl which is optionally partiallyunsaturated and is optionally substituted by one or more oxo, halo,OR¹², SR¹², C₁₋₇alkyl, or NR¹²R¹² substituents; R¹² is (a) H, (b)C₁₋₇alkyl which is optionally partially unsaturated and is optionallysubstituted by oxo, halo, C₁₋₇alkyl, or C₁₋₇alkoxy substituents, (c)C₃₋₈cycloalkyl which is optionally partially unsaturated and isoptionally substituted by one or more oxo, halo, C₁₋₇alkyl, orC₁₋₇alkoxy substituents, (d) aryl optionally substituted by one or morehalo, C₁₋₇alkyl, or C₁₋₇alkoxy substituents, or (e) heteroaryloptionally substituted by one or more halo, C₁₋₇alkyl, or C₁₋₇alkoxysubstituents; R¹³ is (a) C₁₋₇ alkyl which is optionally substituted byone or more by oxo, halo, carboxyl, C₁₋₇alkyl, or C₁₋₇alkoxysubstituents, (b) C₃₋₈cycloalkyl which is optionally partiallyunsaturated and is optionally substituted by one or more by oxo, halo,C₁₋₇alkyl, or C₁₋₇alkoxy substituents, (c) aryl optionally substitutedby one or more halo, C₁₋₇alkyl, or C₁₋₇alkoxy substituents; (d)heteroaryl optionally substituted by one or more halo, C₁₋₇alkyl, orC₁₋₇alkoxy substituents, (e) —C(O)OH R¹⁴ is (a) H, (b) halo, (c)C₁₋₇alkyl, (d) OR¹², (e) OCF₃, (f) SR¹², (g) S(O)_(m)R¹³ (h) NR¹²R¹²,(i) NR¹²S(O)_(m)R¹³, (j)NR¹²C(═O)OR¹³, (k) phenyl optionally substitutedby halo, C₁₋₇alkyl, or C₁₋₇alkoxy, (l) heteroaryl optionally substitutedby halo, C₁₋₇alkyl, or C₁₋₇alkoxy, (m) cyano, (n) nitro, (o) CONR¹²R¹²,(p) CO₂R¹², (q) C(═O)R¹³, (r) C(═NOR¹²)R¹³, (s) S(O)_(m)NR¹²R¹², (t)NR⁹C(═O)—R¹², (u) C₁₋₇alkyl which is optionally partially unsaturatedand is optionally substituted by oxo, halo, OR¹², SR¹², C₁₋₇alkyl, orNR¹²R¹² substituents, or (v) C₃₋₈cycloalkyl which is optionallypartially unsaturated and is optionally substituted by oxo, halo, OR¹²,SR¹², C₁₋₇alkyl, or NR¹²R¹² substituents; X is (a) —(C(R¹⁵)₂)_(n)—, (b)—(C(R¹⁵)₂)_(m)—O—(C(R¹⁵)₂)_(k)—, (c)—(C(R¹⁵)₂)_(m)—S(O)_(m)—(C(R¹⁵)₂)_(k)—, or (d)—(C(R¹⁵)₂)_(m)—NR¹⁶—(C(R¹⁵)₂)_(k)—; Each R¹⁵ is independently (a) H, (b)OR¹¹, (c) Oxo, (d) C₁₋₇ alkyl which is optionally substituted by one ormore by one or more R¹¹ substituents, (e) C₃₋₈cycloalkyl which isoptionally partially unsaturated and is optionally substituted by one ormore by one or more R¹¹ substituents, (f) aryl optionally substituted byone or more R⁸, or (g) heteroaryl optionally substituted by one or moreR⁸; R¹⁶ is (a) H (b) OR¹², (c) (C═O)R¹³, (d) (C═O)OR¹³, (e) (C═O)NR⁹R¹⁰,(f) S(O)_(m)R¹³, (g) S(O)_(m)NR⁹R¹⁰, (h) C₁₋₇ alkyl which is optionallysubstituted by one or more R¹¹ substituents, (i) C₃₋₈cycloalkyl which isoptionally partially unsaturated and is optionally substituted by one ormore R¹¹ substituents, (j) aryl optionally substituted by one or moreR⁸, or (k) heteroaryl optionally substituted by one or more R⁸; R¹⁷ is(a) H, (b) —OH, and (c) C₁₋₄alkyl; R¹⁹ is (a) H, (b) OR¹¹, (c) Oxo, (d)C₁₋₇ alkyl which is optionally substituted by one or more by one or moreR¹¹ substituents, (e) C₃₋₈cycloalkyl which is optionally partiallyunsaturated and is optionally substituted by one or more by one or moreR¹¹ substituents, (f) aryl optionally substituted by one or more R⁸, or(g) heteroaryl optionally substituted by one or more R⁸; R²⁰ is (a) H,(b) C₁₋₇alkyl which is optionally partially unsaturated and isoptionally substituted by one or more R¹¹, (c) C₃₋₈cycloalkyl which isoptionally partially unsaturated and is optionally substituted by one ormore R¹¹, (d) aryl optionally substituted by one or more R⁸, (e)heteroaryl optionally substituted by one or more R⁸, or (f) R²⁰ and R¹⁹,taken together, form —CH₂—; wherein, “aryl” denotes a phenyl radical oran ortho-fused bicyclic carbocyclic radical having about nine to tenring atoms in which at least one ring is aromatic; wherein, “heteroaryl”encompasses a radical attached via a ring carbon or ring nitrogen of amonocyclic aromatic ring containing five or six ring atoms consisting ofcarbon and 1, 2, 3, or 4 heteroatoms, selected from oxygen (—O—), sulfur(—S—), oxygenated sulfur such as sulfinyl (S═O) and sulfonyl (S(═O), ornitrogen N(Z) wherein Z is absent or is H, O, C₁₋₄alkyl, phenyl orbenzyl, or a radical of an ortho-fused bicyclic heterocycle of abouteight to ten ring atoms derived therefrom; het¹ is a C- or N-linkedfive- (5), six- (6), seven- (7), or eight- (8) membered mono- orbicyclic ring, each mono- or bicyclic ring being fully saturated orpartially unsaturated, and having 1-4 heteroatoms selected from thegroup consisting of oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen; het¹ being optionallysubstituted by 1-2 substituents selected from C₁-C₄alkyl, amino,C₁-C₄alkylamino, C₁-C₄alkyloxy, halogen —CN, ═O, ═S; each k isindependently 0, 1, or 2; each m is independently 0, 1, or 2; each n isindependently 1, 2, or 3; and provided that when each R₄ is H, that R₁and R₂ are not simultaneously H, CN, or —C(O)—OCH₃ or that R₁ is not CNand R₂ is not —(O)OC₁₋₄alkyl; when the compound is1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-cis-2,4-dimethyl-8-nitrospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′ (2′ H)-pyrimidine)-2′,4′,6′ (1′ H,3′ H)trione that the compound isenantiomerically enriched (−) form of(2R,4S,4aS)-2,4-dimethyl-8-nitro-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2′H,6H-spiro[1,4-oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5,5′-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione;and the compound is not 2,3,4,4a-tetrahydro 1′,3′-dimethylspiro[1H1-methyl pyrazino[1,2-a]quinoline-5(6H), 5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′4′6′(1′H,3′H)-trione.
 2. The compound of claim 1, wherein each R⁴ isindependently (a) H, (b) halo, (e) SR¹², (f) S(O)_(m)R¹³, (g) NR⁹R¹⁰,(h) NR⁹S(O)_(m)R¹³, (i) NR⁹C(═O)OR¹³, (j) phenyl optionally substitutedby one or more R⁸, (k) heteroaryl optionally substituted by one or moreR⁸, (l) cyano, (m) nitro, (n) CONR⁹R¹⁰, (o) CO₂R¹², (p) C(═O)R¹³, (q)C(═NOR¹²)R¹³, (s) NR⁹C(═O)—R¹², (t) C₁₋₇alkyl which is optionallypartially unsaturated and is optionally substituted by one or more R¹¹,or (u) het¹ optionally substituted by one or more R⁸.
 3. The compound ofclaim 2, wherein each R⁴ is independently selected from NO₂, H, Br, F,CF₃, CN, NH₂, —C(O)—OCH₃, —S—CH₃, —S(O)₂—CH₃, —N(OCH₃)—CH₃,—NH—C(O)—O-tbutyl, —NH—C(O)—CH₃, heteroaryl optionally substituted byone or more R⁸, het¹ optionally substituted by one or more R⁸,—S(O)₂—CH₃, or phenyl optionally substituted by one or more of NO₂, Cl,F, —OCH₃, and —OCF₃.
 4. The compound of claim 1, wherein each R³ is H.5. The compound of claim 1, wherein R¹ is —C(O)R⁶.
 6. The compound ofclaim 1, wherein R² is —C(O)R⁷.
 7. The compound of claim 6, wherein R¹is —C(O)R⁶
 8. The compound of claim 7, wherein R⁶ and R⁷ form—N(R¹⁷)—C(O)—N(R¹⁷)— or —N(R¹⁷)—C(S)—N(R¹⁷)—.
 9. The compound of claim1, wherein X is —(C(R¹⁵)₂)_(m)—O—(C(R¹⁵)₂)_(m)— or—(C(R¹⁵)₂)_(m)—NR¹⁶—(C(R¹⁵)₂)_(k)—.
 10. The compound of claim 9, whereinX is —C(R¹⁵)₂—O—C(R¹⁵) or —C(R¹⁵)₂—NR¹⁶—C(R¹⁵⁾ ₂—.
 11. The compound ofclaim 10, wherein each R¹⁵ is independently H, C₁₋₇alkyl optionallysubstituted by one or more R¹¹ substituents.
 12. The compound of claim11, wherein X is —C(H)(C₁₋₄ alkyl)-O—C(H)(C₁₋₄alkyl)- or —C(H)(C₁₋₄alkyl)-NR¹⁶—C(H)(C₁₋₄alkyl)-.
 13. The compound of claim 10, wherein thecompound has the formula of

and each R₁₅ is independently (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), or (g)
 14. Thecompound of claim 10, wherein the compound has the formula of

and each R₁₅ is independently (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), or (g).
 15. Thecompound of claim 10, wherein R¹⁶ is (C═O)OR¹³ or C₁₋₇ alkyl.
 16. Thecompound of claim 1, wherein each R⁵ is independently H or C₁₋₇alkyl.17. A compound selected from(2R,4S,4aS)-2,4-dimethyl-8-nitro-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2′H,6H-spiro[1,4-oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5,5′-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione;1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-2,4-dimethylspiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′ H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′ H,3′ H)-trione;8-Bromo-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2,4-dimethylspiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′ (2′ H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′ H,3′ H)-trione;8-Fluoro-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2,4-dimethylspiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′ (2′ H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′ H,3′ H)-trione;1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-8-trifluoromethylspiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′ (2′ H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′H,3′ H)-trione; 1,1′,2,3′4,4′,4a,6′-Octrahydro-2,4′,6′-trioxospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H), 5′(2′ H)-pyrimidine]-8-carbonitrile;1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-8-carboxamidespiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′ H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′ H,3′ H)-trione;1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-8-nitrospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H), 5′(2′ H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′ H,3′ H)-trione;1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-2,4-dimethylspiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′ (2′ H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′H,3′ H)-trione;8-Bromo-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2,4-methylspiro[[1,4]piperazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′ H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′ H,3′ H)-trione;1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-2,4a-dimethyl-8-nitrospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′ H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′ H,3′ H)-trione;8-Bromo-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-cis-2,4-dimethylspiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H), 5′ (2′ H)-pyrimidine]-4′-thioxo-2′,6′ (1′ H,3′ H)dione;8-Bromo-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-cis-2,4-dimethylspiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′ (2′H)pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′ methyl, 3′ methyl)-trione;N-[1,1,2,3′,4,4′,4a,6′-Octahydro-2,4-dimethyl-2′,4′,6′-trioxospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinolone-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidin]-8-yl]acetamide; tert-butyl1,1′,2,3′,4,4′,4a,6′-Octahydro-2,4-dimethyl-2′,4′,6′-trioxospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinolone-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidin]-8-ylcarbamate;8-Amino-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2,4-dimethylspiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinolone-5(6H),5′ (2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′H,3′H)-trione monohydrochloride;9-Bromo1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-8-nitrospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′H,3′H)trione;8-Acetyl-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2,4-dimethylspiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2H)-pyrimidine)-2′,4′,6′ (1′H,3′H)-trione;8-Ethanone-O-methyloxime-1-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2,4-dimethylspiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2H)-pyrimidine)-2′,4′,6′ (1′H,3′H)-trione;1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-8-(methylsulfonyl)spiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)trione;1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-8-(methylsulfinyl)spiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione;1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-8-(methylthio)spiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione;1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-9-nitrospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione;1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-8-nitrospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′methyl,3′methyl)-trione;1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro2,4-dimethyl-8-nitrospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H, 3′methyl)-trione;1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-4-methyl-8-nitrospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione;1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-2-methyl-8-nitrospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′s)-trione;2,3,4,4a-Tetrahydro-1′,3,3′-trimethylspiro[1H-pyrazino[1,2-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione;2,3,4,4a-Tetrahydro-3-methylspiro[1H-pyrazino[1,2-a]quinoline-5(6H), 5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′6′(1′H,3′H)-trione; 1,1-Dimethylethyl1,1′2,3′,4′,4a,6′-octahydro-8-nitro-2′,4′,6′-trioxospiro[3H-pyrazino[1,2-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-3-carboxylate.1,1-Dimethylethyl-8-cyano-1,1′,2,3′,4,4′,4a,6′-octahydro-2′,4′,6′-trioxospiro[3H-pyrazino[1,2-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-3-carboxylate;1,1′,2′3′4′4′a-Hexahydro-2′,4′-dimethyl-1,3-dioxospiro[2H-indene-2,5′(6′H)-[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline]-8′-carbonitrile;1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5,5,8(6H)-tricarbonitrile;8-Bromo-1,2,4-4-a-tetrhydro-2,4-dimethyl[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5,5(6H)-dicarbonitrile;2,3,4,4a-Tetrhydro-3-methyl-8-nitro-2′-thioxospiro[1H-pyrazino[1,2-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-dione); 9-(4-Chlorophenyl)1,2,4,4a-tetryhydro-2,4-dimethylspiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione;1,2,4,4a-Tetrhydro-2,4-dimethyl-9-[4-(trifluoromethyoxy)phenyl]spiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)pyrimidine]-2′4′6′ (1′H,3′H)-trione;1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-9-(methoxyphenyl)-2,4-dimethylspiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (1′H,3′H)trione;9-(3-Chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-1,2,4,4a,-tetrahydro-2,4-dimethylsprio[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione;1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-9-(3-nitrophenyl)spiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine)-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)trione;1,1′,2,3′,4,4′,4a,6′-Octahydro-2-4-dimethyl-2′,4′,6′-trioxospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5(2′H)-pyrimidin]-9-yl]benzonitrile;1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-9-[4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]spiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione;1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-9-(4-pyridinyl)spiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3a]quinoline-5(6H),5′ (2′ H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′ (′H,3′ H)-trione;Methyl-1,1′-2,3′,4,4a,6′-Octahydro-2,4-dimethyl-2′,4′,6′-trioxospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-9-carboxylate;Methyl-1,1′-2,3′,4,4a,6′-Octahydro-2,4-dimethyl-2′,4′,6′-trioxospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-8-carboxylate;1,2,3,3′,4,4′,4a,6′-Octahydro-2′,4′,6′-trioxospiro[1H-pyrazino[1,2-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine-8-carbonitrile monohydrochloride; and2,3,4,4a-Tetrahydro-8-nitrospiro[1H-pyrazino[1,2-a]quinoline-5(6H), 5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione monohydrochloride.
 18. Acompound selected from


19. A method of synthesizing compounds of formula I, comprising reactingan amine of the formula III with a fluoroaldehyde of the formula II in apolar, aprotic solvent, followed by methylenation with a compound of theformula IV, and thermal rearrangement in a polar, protic solvent, anaprotic solvent, or a nonpolar solvent system including ZnCl₂.

wherein, X, R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, and R²⁰ are as defined above.
 20. Amethod for the treatment of microbial infections in mammals comprisingadministration of an effective amount of compound of claim 1 to saidmammal.
 21. The method of claim 20 wherein said compound of claim 1 isadministered to the mammal orally, parenterally, transdermally, ortopically in a pharmaceutical composition.
 22. The method of claim 20wherein said compound is administered in an amount of from about 0.1 toabout 100 mg/kg of body weight/day.
 23. The method of claim 20 whereinsaid compound is administered in an amount of from about 1 to about 50mg/kg of body weight/day.
 24. A pharmaceutical composition comprising acompound of claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
 25. Apharmaceutical composition comprising one or more compounds of claim 1.26. The composition of claim 25 wherein the composition comprises anenantiomerically enriched form of a compound of formula I.
 27. Thecomposition of claim 26, wherein the composition comprises at least 50%of one enantiomer of a compound of formula I relative to the otherenantiomer of the compound.
 28. The compositions of claim 27, whereinthe composition comprises at least 80% of one enantiomer of a compoundof formula I relative to the other enantiomcr of the compound.
 29. Thecompositions of claim 27, wherein the composition comprises at least to90% of one enantiomer of a compound of formula I relative to the otherenantiomer of the compound.
 30. A compound selected from(2S,4R,4aR)-4-isopropyl-2-methyl-8-nitro-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2′H,6H-spiro[1,4oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5,5′-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1H,3′H)-trione;(2R,4S,4aS)-2,4-diethyl-8-nitro-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2′H,6H-spiro[1,4-oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5,5′-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione;(2R,4S,4aS)-2,4-dimethyl-8-nitro-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2′H,6H-spiro[1,4-oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5,5′-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione;(2R,4S,4aS)-8-acetyl-9,10-difluoro-2,4-dimethyl-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2′H,6H-spiro[1,4-oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5,5′-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione;(2R,4S,4aS)10-fluoro-2,4-dimethyl-8-nitro-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2′H,6H-spiro[1,4-oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5,5′-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione;(2R,4S,4aS)-2,4-dimethyl-8-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2′H,6H-spiro[1,4-oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5,5′-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione;1,2,4,4a-Tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-8-nitrospiro[[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5(6H),5′(2′H)-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3H)trione;(2S,4R,4aR-2-isopropyl-4-methyl-8-nitro-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2′H,6H-spiro[1,4-oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5,5′-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3H)-trione;(2S,4R,4aR)-2-isopropylmethyl-8-nitro-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2H,6H-spiro[1,4-oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5,5′-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione;(2R,4S,4aS)-2,4diisopropyl-8-nitro-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2H,6H-spiro[1,4-oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5,5′-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione;(2R,4S,4aS-2,4-dimethyl-8-(5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2′H,6H-spiro[1,4-oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5,5′-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione;(2S,4R,4aR)-8-acetyl-10-fluoro-2,4-dimethyl-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2′H,6H-spiro[1,4-oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5,5′-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-trione;(2′R,4′S,4a′S)-2′,4′-dimethyl-8′-nitro-1′,2′,4′,4a′-tetrahydro-2H,6′H-spiro[pyrimidine-5,5′-[1,4]thiazino[4,3-a]quinoline]-2,4,6(1H,3H)-trione;8-bromo-2,4-dimethyl-10-nitro-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2′H,6H-spiro[1,4-oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5,5′-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1H,3′H)-trione;(2R,4S,4aS)-2,4-dimethyl-8-(5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2′H,6H-spiro[1,4-oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5,5′-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(11′,3′H)trione;(2S,4S,4aS)-4-methyl-8-nitro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2′H,6H-spiro[1,4-oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5,5′-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1H,3H)-trione;4-azido-3-iodobenzyl(2R,4S,4aS)-2,411-dimethyl-2′,4′,6′-trioxo-1,1′,2,3′,4,4′,4a,6′-octahydro-2H,6H-spiro[1,4-oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5,5′-pyrimidine]-8-carboxylate;or(2S,4S,4aS-2,4-dimethyl-8-nitro-1,2,4,4a-tetrahydro-2H,6H-spiro[1,4-oxazino[4,3-a]quinoline-5,5′-pyrimidine]-2′,4′,6′(1′H,3H)-trione.